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<channel>
	<title>Kammo's Tech Blog</title>
	<atom:link href="http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com</link>
	<description>Just More Technical Articulation</description>
	<pubDate>Tue, 24 Nov 2009 12:54:12 +0000</pubDate>
	<generator>http://wordpress.org/?v=2.6</generator>
	<language>en</language>
			<item>
		<title>VMWARE Virtual Infrastructure Client one Windows 7</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=174</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=174#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 24 Nov 2009 12:52:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[vmware]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ESX]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ESXi]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Infrastructure]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Virtual]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[virtual infrastructure]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Virtualization]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Virtualizing]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[vSphere]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[vSphere Client]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=174</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Since the release of Windows 7, VMware Virtual Infrastructure Client needs special attention for installation on this platform.  Keep in mind that VMware VI Client is not supported on Windows 7; however, you can follow this guide to get it installed and functioning correctly.
1. The following ’system.dll’ file is required. This can be downloaded via [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Since the release of Windows 7, VMware Virtual Infrastructure Client needs special attention for installation on this platform.  Keep in mind that VMware VI Client is not supported on Windows 7; however, you can follow this guide to get it installed and functioning correctly.</p>
<p>1. The following <strong>’system.dll’</strong> file is required. This can be downloaded via the hyperlink below.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><a href="http://xtravirt.com/sites/default/files/XD10134_system_dll.zip"><strong>system.dll</strong></a> (this file has been zipped)</p>
<p>2. Once downloaded, either open the zip file or unzip it and place the ‘<strong>system.dll</strong>’ file into one of the following directories depending on the version of Windows 7 being used, which would be either 32 or 64 bit.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">x86 Directory Path = <strong>C:\Program Files\VMware\Infrastructure\Virtual Infrastructure Client\Launcher\Lib</strong></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">x64 Directory Path = <strong>C:\Program Files (x86)\VMware\Infrastructure\Virtual Infrastructure Client\Launcher\Lib</strong></p>
<p><span style="color: #ae1831;"><strong>Note:</strong> If the ‘Lib directory does not exist, create it within the ‘Launcher’ directory.</span></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><a class="lightbox-processed" rel="lightbox[][system.dll file location]" href="http://xtravirt.com/sites/default/files/xd10134_01.jpg"><img class="lightbox" title="system.dll file location" src="http://xtravirt.com/sites/default/files/xd10134_01.jpg" alt="system.dll file location" width="400" height="177" /></a></p>
<p>3. Edit the <strong>VpxClient.exe.config</strong> file which is located in the ‘<strong>Launcher</strong>’ directory, making the changes as outlined below and as seen in the image.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><strong>&lt;runtime&gt;<br />
&lt;developmentMode developerInstallation=&#8221;true&#8221;/&gt;<br />
&lt;/runtime&gt;</strong></p>
<p>Once the file has been edited, <strong>save</strong> the changes and <strong>close</strong> the file.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><a class="lightbox-processed" rel="lightbox[][edit the VpxClient.exe.config file]" href="http://xtravirt.com/sites/default/files/xd10134_02.jpg"><img class="lightbox" title="edit the VpxClient.exe.config file" src="http://xtravirt.com/sites/default/files/xd10134_02.jpg" alt="edit the VpxClient.exe.config file" width="400" height="238" /></a></p>
<p><span style="color: #ae1831;"><strong>Note</strong>: If you receive a warning stating you cannot save the file, either reboot the computer or ensure that any VMware related software is closed and try again. If this doesn’t work then copy the file out of the “<strong>Launcher</strong>” directory, edit it, save it and then copy the file over the original one.</span></p>
<p>4. Next, edit the system properties of your machine. This can be achieved by right clicking on ’<strong>Computer</strong>’ (was usually known as ‘<strong>My Computer</strong>’ in older Microsoft OS versions) and selecting ’<strong>Properties</strong>’. Select ‘<strong>Advanced System Settings</strong>’</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><a class="lightbox-processed" rel="lightbox[][Computer properties Advanced System Settings]" href="http://xtravirt.com/sites/default/files/xd10134_03.jpg"><img class="lightbox" title="Computer properties Advanced System Settings" src="http://xtravirt.com/sites/default/files/xd10134_03.jpg" alt="Computer properties Advanced System Settings" width="380" height="267" /></a></p>
<p>5. Select the ‘<strong>Environment Variables</strong>’ button</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><a class="lightbox-processed" rel="lightbox[][Environment Variables]" href="http://xtravirt.com/sites/default/files/xd10134_04.jpg"><img class="lightbox" title="Environment Variables" src="http://xtravirt.com/sites/default/files/xd10134_04.jpg" alt="Environment Variables" width="400" height="445" /></a></p>
<p>6. Add a new System variable. To do this, click ‘<strong>New&#8230;</strong>’ and add the following details.</p>
<p><span style="color: #ae1831;"><strong>Note</strong>: Depending on the Windows 7 OS version will depend on which Variable is required. Ensure the same path is used as per step 2.</span></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Variable name = <strong>DEVPATH</strong><br />
Variable value (x86) = <strong>C:\Program Files\VMware\Infrastructure\Virtual Infrastructure Client\Launcher\Lib</strong><br />
Variable value (x64) = <strong>C:\Program Files (x86)\VMware\Infrastructure\Virtual Infrastructure Client\Launcher\Lib</strong></p>
<p>Once this text is entered into the required fields, click <strong>OK</strong>,<strong> OK</strong>,<strong> OK</strong> and then close the <strong>View basic information about your computer</strong> properties window.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><a class="lightbox-processed" rel="lightbox[][Edit System Variable]" href="http://xtravirt.com/sites/default/files/xd10134_05.jpg"><img class="lightbox" title="Edit System Variable" src="http://xtravirt.com/sites/default/files/xd10134_05.jpg" alt="Edit System Variable" width="357" height="153" /></a></p>
<p>7. Launch the <strong>VI Client</strong>.</p>
<p><span style="color: #ae1831;"><strong>Note</strong>: You should run the VI Client with administrator privileges.</span></p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Go ahead&#8230;</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=172</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=172#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 24 Sep 2009 08:52:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Links]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[kameron]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[kameron kenny]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[kameronkenny]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[kenny]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[tweet]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[tweeting]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[tweets]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[twit]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[twitter]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=172</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Follow me on Twitter! - http://twitter.com/kameronkenny
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://twitter.com/kameronkenny">Follow me on Twitter! - http://twitter.com/kameronkenny</a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=172</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Linux bond or team multiple network interfaces cards (NICs) into single bonded interface</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=169</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=169#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Sep 2009 05:16:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Netowrking]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[5.3]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[binding]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[bonding]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[bounding]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[centos]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[centos 5.3]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[enterprise]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[enterprise linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[linux networking]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[linux nic binding]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[network]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[network interface]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[network interface card]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[network interfaces]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[networking]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[nic]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[nic binding]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[nic bonding]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[nic teaming]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[nics]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[red hat]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[teaming]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[v5]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=169</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Finally today I had implemented NIC bonding (bind two NICs so that it works as a single device for load balancing and/or fault tolerance).  The idea here is to improve performance by pumping out more data from both NICs via NIC bonding/teaming
This box act as datastore server for my test VMware environment.  Each virtual machine [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Finally today I had implemented NIC bonding (bind two NICs so that it works as a single device for load balancing and/or fault tolerance).  The idea here is to improve performance by pumping out more data from both NICs via NIC bonding/teaming</p>
<p>This box act as datastore server for my test VMware environment.  Each virtual machine is run on top of an ESXi box, and the storage is stored on this server.  Each virtual disk is anywhere between 15GB and 50GB.  Since the virtual disks are stored on a separate piece of hardware from the virtualizing hardware, we must have a high level of throughput for our network traffic.  I am using CentOS 5.3 for the purpose of this document.  This process should readily work for most if not all Red Hat based distro&#8217;s.  <span id="more-169"></span></p>
<h3>Step #1: Create a bond0 configuration file</h3>
<p>Red Hat Linux stores network configuration in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ directory. First, you need to create bond0 config file:<br />
<code># vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0</code>Append following lines to it:<code>DEVICE=bond0<br />
IPADDR=192.168.1.20<br />
NETWORK=192.168.1.0<br />
NETMASK=255.255.255.0<br />
USERCTL=no<br />
BOOTPROTO=none<br />
ONBOOT=yes</code>Replace above IP address with your actual IP address. Save file and exit to shell prompt.</p>
<h3>Step #2: Modify eth0 and eth1 config files:</h3>
<p>Open both configuration using vi text editor and make sure file read as follows for eth0 interface<code># vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0</code>Modify/append directive as follows:<code>DEVICE=eth0<br />
USERCTL=no<br />
ONBOOT=yes<br />
MASTER=bond0<br />
SLAVE=yes<br />
BOOTPROTO=none</code>Open eth1 configuration file using vi text editor:<code># vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1</code>Make sure file read as follows for eth1 interface:<code>DEVICE=eth1<br />
USERCTL=no<br />
ONBOOT=yes<br />
MASTER=bond0<br />
SLAVE=yes<br />
BOOTPROTO=none</code>Save file and exit to shell prompt.</p>
<h3>Step # 3: Load bond driver/module</h3>
<p>Make sure bonding module is loaded when the channel-bonding interface (bond0) is brought up. You need to modify kernel modules configuration file:<code># vi /etc/modprobe.conf</code>Append following two lines:<code>alias bond0 bonding<br />
options bond0 mode=balance-alb miimon=100</code>Save file and exit to shell prompt. You can learn more about all bounding options in kernel source documentation file (click <a href="http://www.cyberciti.biz/howto/question/static/linux-ethernet-bonding-driver-howto.php#section_4">here</a> to read file online).</p>
<h3>Step # 4: Test configuration</h3>
<p>First, load the bonding module:<code># modprobe bonding</code>Restart networking service in order to bring up bond0 interface:<code># service network restart</code>Verify everything is working:<code># less /proc/net/bonding/bond0</code>Output:</p>
<pre>Bonding Mode: load balancing (round-robin)
MII Status: up
MII Polling Interval (ms): 0
Up Delay (ms): 0
Down Delay (ms): 0

Slave Interface: eth0
MII Status: up
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:c6:be:59

Slave Interface: eth1
MII Status: up
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:c6:be:63</pre>
<p>List all interfaces:<code># ifconfig</code>Output:</p>
<pre>bond0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:C6:BE:59
 inet addr:192.168.1.20  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
 inet6 addr: fe80::200:ff:fe00:0/64 Scope:Link
 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MASTER MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
 RX packets:2804 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
 TX packets:1879 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
 RX bytes:250825 (244.9 KiB)  TX bytes:244683 (238.9 KiB)

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:C6:BE:59
 inet addr:192.168.1.20  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fec6:be59/64 Scope:Link
 UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
 RX packets:2809 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
 TX packets:1390 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
 RX bytes:251161 (245.2 KiB)  TX bytes:180289 (176.0 KiB)
 Interrupt:11 Base address:0x1400

eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:C6:BE:59
 inet addr:192.168.1.20  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fec6:be59/64 Scope:Link
 UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
 RX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
 TX packets:502 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
 RX bytes:258 (258.0 b)  TX bytes:66516 (64.9 KiB)
 Interrupt:10 Base address:0x1480</pre>
<p>Now you have bond multiple network interfaces into a single channel (NIC)</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Find the update version of an ESX 3.5 server</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=167</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=167#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 23 Jul 2009 14:30:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[vmware]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ESX]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[update number]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Version]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=167</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Need to know the release version (Update 3, Update 4, etc.) of the ESX 3.5 servers in an environment, but don&#8217;t want to consult a chart of build numbers? Just execute this command as root:
esxupdate query &#124; grep -o 'ESX Server 3.5.0 Update.*' &#124; sort &#124; tail -n 1
If the server is a build of [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Need to know the release version (Update 3, Update 4, etc.) of the ESX 3.5 servers in an environment, but don&#8217;t want to consult a chart of build numbers? Just execute this command as root:</p>
<pre><code>esxupdate query | grep -o 'ESX Server 3.5.0 Update.*' | sort | tail -n 1</code></pre>
<p>If the server is a build of ESX prior to Update 1, the command will return nothing. It&#8217;s nice to have the update version in this familiar format for documentation.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Secret Screen Capture Shortcut in OSX</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=165</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=165#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2009 18:54:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[MAC]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[apple]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[capture]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[macintosh]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[OSX]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[screen]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[screen capture]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[shortcut]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=165</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
Okay, you probably already know the ol’ Command-Shift-3 shortcut for taking a screen capture of your entire screen, and you may even know about Command-Shift-4, which gives you a crosshair cursor so you can choose which area of the screen you want to capture. But perhaps the coolest, most-secret hidden capture shortcut is Control-Command-Shift-3 (or [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
Okay, you probably already know the ol’ Command-Shift-3 shortcut for taking a screen capture of your entire screen, and you may even know about Command-Shift-4, which gives you a crosshair cursor so you can choose which area of the screen you want to capture. But perhaps the coolest, most-secret hidden capture shortcut is Control-Command-Shift-3 (or 4), which, instead of creating a file on your desktop, copies the capture into your Clipboard memory, so you can paste it where you want.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Help Support Melanoma Research with Outrun the Sun</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=163</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=163#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2009 13:53:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Off-topic]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=163</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I&#8217;m excited to be participating in the 2009 Outrun the Sun Race Against Melanoma in Indianapolis on Saturday, June 6. You can share in the excitement by helping support my involvement in this important initiative. All you need to do is log on to my personal fundraising page to learn more about melanoma education and [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;m excited to be participating in the 2009 Outrun the Sun Race Against Melanoma in Indianapolis on Saturday, June 6. You can share in the excitement by helping support my involvement in this important initiative. All you need to do is log on to my personal fundraising page to learn more about melanoma education and research. It&#8217;s easy!</p>
<p>Please forward this email to anyone in your address book that you feel would want to help in such a generous cause!</p>
<p>Did you know:<br />
Melanoma affects people of every age and every ethnicity?<br />
Melanoma is the number one cancer in people ages 25-29?<br />
One American dies of melanoma nearly every hour?</p>
<p>All gifts are important, welcome and appreciated!  Thanks very much for your help.</p>
<p>Protect your skin.  Protect yourself.  Protect your life.</p>
<p><a onclick="return(false)" href="http://raceagainstmelanoma.kintera.org/faf/r.asp?t=4&amp;i=310059&amp;u=310059-252960692">Follow This Link</a> to visit my personal web page and help me in my efforts to support Outrun the Sun, Inc.</p>
<p>******************************************************************************<br />
Some email systems do not support the use of links and therefore this link may not appear to work. If so, copy and paste the following into your browser:<br />
http://raceagainstmelanoma.kintera.org/faf/r.asp?t=4&amp;i=310059&amp;u=310059-252960692<br />
******************************************************************************</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Funny Linux Commands</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=159</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=159#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Feb 2009 14:46:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Humor]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[bash]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[comands]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Commands]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[funny]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[funny linux commands]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[humorous]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ksh]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[shell]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[shell humor]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=159</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Hope you enjoy these humorous commands.  Go ahead and try them, they really do work.
% cat "food in cans"
cat: can't open food in cans
% nice man woman
No manual entry for woman.
% "How would you rate Quayle's incompetence?
Unmatched ".
% Unmatched ".
Unmatched ".
% [Where is Jimmy Hoffa?
Missing ].
% ^How did the sex change operation go?^
Modifier failed.
% [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hope you enjoy these humorous commands.  Go ahead and try them, they really do work.</p>
<p><code>% cat "food in cans"<br />
cat: can't open food in cans</code></p>
<p><code>% nice man woman<br />
No manual entry for woman.</code></p>
<p><code>% "How would you rate Quayle's incompetence?<br />
Unmatched ".</code></p>
<p><code>% Unmatched ".<br />
Unmatched ".</code></p>
<p><code>% [Where is Jimmy Hoffa?<br />
Missing ].</code></p>
<p><code>% ^How did the sex change operation go?^<br />
Modifier failed.</code></p>
<p><code>% If I had a ( for every $ the Congress spent, what would I have?<br />
Too many ('s.</code></p>
<p><code>% make love<br />
Make: Don't know how to make love. Stop.</code></p>
<p><code>% sleep with me<br />
bad character</code></p>
<p><code>% got a light?<br />
No match.</code></p>
<p><code>% man: why did you get a divorce?<br />
man:: Too many arguments.</code></p>
<p><code>% !:say, what is saccharine?<br />
Bad substitute.</code></p>
<p><code>% %blow<br />
%blow: No such job.</code></p>
<p><code>% \(-<br />
(-: Command not found.<br />
</code><br />
<code>$ PATH=pretending! /usr/ucb/which sense<br />
no sense in pretending!</code></p>
<p><code>$ drink matter<br />
matter: cannot create</code></p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<item>
		<title>Howto:  Mount NTFS Partition in Read-Write mode in Linux</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=156</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=156#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 21 Feb 2009 16:17:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[dag]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[fuse]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[fuse-ntfs]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[mount ntfs]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ntfs]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ntfs linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ntfs-3g]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[read-write]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[repo]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[rpm]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=156</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[If you are having issues mounting your ntfs partition you will need to add a couple of rpms to make it happen.
You will need these rpm&#8217;s installed to make it happen:
fuse, fuse-ntfs-3g, dkms, dkms-fuse
Before installing these you need to install dag&#8217;s rpm repo.  You can download the rpm for CentOS 5.* and RHEL 5.* here
Tip: [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>If you are having issues mounting your ntfs partition you will need to add a couple of rpms to make it happen.</p>
<p>You will need these rpm&#8217;s installed to make it happen:</p>
<p>fuse, fuse-ntfs-3g, dkms, dkms-fuse</p>
<p>Before installing these you need to install dag&#8217;s rpm repo.  You can download the rpm for CentOS 5.* and RHEL 5.* <a href="http://blog.kameronkenny.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/21/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm">here</a></p>
<p>Tip: Use wget from the directory you want to put the file in to download it so you don&#8217;t have to download locally then upload to your server.</p>
<p>install the rpm by issuing:</p>
<p><code># rpm -ivh rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm</code></p>
<p>Once rpmforge has been added to yum, install the ntfs rpm&#8217;s by issuing:</p>
<p><code># yum install fuse fuse-ntfs-3g dkms dkms-fuse</code></p>
<p>That will install all the needed software to mount your NTFS volume in rw mode.</p>
<p>next find where the NTFS partition is:</p>
<p><code># fdisk -l | grep -i ntfs<br />
/dev/sdd1   *           1       60800   488375968+   7  HPFS/NTFS</code></p>
<p>Now that we know where the NTFS partition is, lets create a mount point.<br />
<code># mkdir /mnt/ntfs</code></p>
<p>now lets mount it up:<br />
<code># mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sdd1 /mnt/ntfs</code></p>
<p>That should have your ntfs partition mounted to /mnt/ntfs</p>
<p>Change to the directory and list the contents:<br />
<code># cd /mnt/ntfs</code><br />
<code># ls</code></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=156</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>HOWTO: Import JVC .mod camcorder files into iMovie, Final Cut or Convert to Another Format using ffmpegX</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=154</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=154#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 16 Feb 2009 15:12:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[MAC]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Video]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[camcorder]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[converting]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[editing]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[encoding]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ffmpegX]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Final Cut]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[howto]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[iMovie]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[jvc]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[mod]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[os x]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[OSX]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Pro]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[video converting]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=154</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I purchased new JVC HDD camcorder over the weekend and took a couple test clips and found difficulties importing the videos over the firewire cable to my macbook in iMovie.  Plugging the video camera into the firewire port of my Macbook did nothing.  After some Googling I came to discover that the best way to [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I purchased new JVC HDD camcorder over the weekend and took a couple test clips and found difficulties importing the videos over the firewire cable to my macbook in iMovie.  Plugging the video camera into the firewire port of my Macbook did nothing.  After some Googling I came to discover that the best way to import the videos is to actually use the USB port to do it.</p>
<p>The software needed is <a href="http://www.ffmpegx.com/download.html" target="_blank">ffmpegX</a>.  Download it, then copy the binary to your applications directory.  On your first launch, you will be prompted to get the encoders.  I downloaded the encoders into a newly created directory: /Library/Encoders.  Once you&#8217;ve downloaded and extracted the contents of the .zip file, click on the location buttons to tell the application where the encoders are.</p>
<p>Now lets look at the workflow:</p>
<p>1.  Plug camera into the usb port of your macbook, a new drive will appear on your desktop.</p>
<p>2.  copy the contents of the SD_Video folder to your mac excluding everything other than the *.MOD files.  (This means you want the .MOD files on your mac)</p>
<p>3.  Open ffmpegX</p>
<p>4.  Drag the video you want to import to ffmpegX</p>
<p>5.  Choose the video type you want to encode to (I like using DV, it makes bigger files, but is better quality IMO)</p>
<p>6.  Click the encode button.</p>
<p>7.  Repeat for all other video files you want to import.</p>
<p>8.  Open your video editing application (I use iMovie) and import the converted video file for editing.</p>
<p>That&#8217;s it!  Happy editing!</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=154</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Mount iso in Linux</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=152</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=152#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 10 Feb 2009 15:54:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[cd]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[device]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[directory]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[dvd]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[filesystem]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[image]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[iso]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[loop]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[mnt]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[mount]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[nix]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=152</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[An ISO image is an archive file (disk image) of an optical disc using a conventional ISO (International Organization for Standardization) format. ISO image files typically have a file extension of .ISO. The name &#8220;ISO&#8221; is taken from the ISO 9660 file system used with CD-ROM media, but an ISO image can also contain UDF [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>An ISO image is an archive file (disk image) of an optical disc using a conventional ISO (International Organization for Standardization) format. ISO image files typically have a file extension of .ISO. The name &#8220;ISO&#8221; is taken from the ISO 9660 file system used with CD-ROM media, but an ISO image can also contain UDF file system because UDF is backward-compatible to ISO 9660.</p>
<p>You can mount an ISO images via the loop device under Linux. It is possible to specify transfer functions (for encryption/decryption or other purposes) using loop device.</p>
<p>But, how do you mount an ISO image under Linux? You need to use mount command as follows:</p>
<h2>Procedure to mount ISO images under Linux</h2>
<p>1) You must login as a root user, if not root user then switch to root user using following command:<br />
<code>$ su -</code></p>
<p>2) Create the directory i.e. mount point:<br />
<code># mkdir -p /mnt/disk</code></p>
<p>3) Use mount command as follows to mount iso file called disk1.iso:<br />
<code># mount -o loop disk1.iso /mnt/disk</code></p>
<p>4) Change directory to list files stored inside an ISO image:<br />
<code># cd /mnt/disk<br />
# ls -l</code></p>
<h3>More about loop device</h3>
<p>A loop device is a pseudo-device that makes a file accessible as a block device. Loop devices are often used for CD ISO images and floppy disc images. Mounting a file containing a filesystem via such a loop mount makes the files within that filesystem accessible. They appear in the mount point directory using above commands.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Linux creating CD-ROM ISO image</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=150</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=150#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 22 Dec 2008 18:31:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Tools]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[cd-rom]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[iso]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=150</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[dd is a perfect tool for copy a file, converting and formatting according to the operands. It can create exact CD-ROM ISO image.
This is useful for making backup as well as for hard drive installations require a working the use of ISO images.
How do I use dd command to create an ISO image?
Put CD into [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>dd is a perfect tool for copy a file, converting and formatting according to the operands. It can create exact CD-ROM ISO image.</p>
<p>This is useful for making backup as well as for hard drive installations require a working the use of ISO images.</p>
<h3>How do I use dd command to create an ISO image?</h3>
<p>Put CD into CDROM</p>
<p>Do not mount CD. Verify if cd is mounted or not with mount command:</p>
<p class="code"># mount</p>
<p>If cd was mouted automatically unmout it with umount command:</p>
<p class="code"># umount /dev/cdrom</p>
<p>OR</p>
<p class="code"># umount /mnt/cdrom</p>
<p>Create CD-ROM ISO image with dd command:</p>
<p class="code"># dd if=/dev/cdrom of=/tmp/cdimg1.iso</p>
<p>Where,</p>
<ul>
<li><strong> if=/dev/cdrom</strong>: Read from /dev/cdrom (raw format)</li>
<li><strong> of=/tmp/cdimg1.iso</strong>: write to FILE cdimg1.iso i.e. create an ISO image</li>
</ul>
<p>Now you can use cdimg1.iso for hard disk installation or as a backup copy of cd. Please note that dd command is standard UNIX command and you should able to create backup/iso image under any UNIX like operating system.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=150</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Stop Bashing LINUX!</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=146</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=146#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Dec 2008 19:31:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[bashing]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[linus]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[linus is my homeboy]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[linux master]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[M$]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[mastery]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Microsoft]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[msnbc]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[neck-beard]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[windows]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=146</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I was sent this link today&#8230;
 http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/28039226/?pg=7#Tech_JerkGadgets
This is my response:
Linus is my homeboy.  And yes, my mastery does excuse my &#8220;neck-beard&#8221;
I&#8217;m sick of how people complain about how hard Linux is.  windows is just as hard&#8230; it&#8217;s just that people put forth the effort to learn it because &#8220;That&#8217;s what everyone uses&#8221;.  [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>I was sent this link today&#8230;</strong><br />
<a title="http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/28039226/?pg=7#Tech_JerkGadgets" href="http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/28039226/?pg=7#Tech_JerkGadgets"> http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/28039226/?pg=7#Tech_JerkGadgets</a></p>
<p><strong>This is my response:</strong><br />
Linus is my homeboy.  And yes, my mastery does excuse my &#8220;neck-beard&#8221;</p>
<p>I&#8217;m sick of how people complain about how hard Linux is.  windows is just as hard&#8230; it&#8217;s just that people put forth the effort to learn it because &#8220;That&#8217;s what everyone uses&#8221;.  They know windows and are comfortable with it and therefore Linux is too hard.  OK, Linux may be a bit harder, but when it runs it runs&#8230; it doesn&#8217;t crap out for some unapparent reason like windows.  it doesn&#8217;t get attacked by &#8220;In the wild&#8221; viruses.  The only thing attacking it is script kiddies that think they&#8217;re hackers using a windows box.  99.99% of those attacks a so far from unsuccessful it&#8217;s ridiculous&#8230; the other 0.11% is an actual person that knows what they&#8217;re doing &#8230; probably using some attack application they wrote on a UNIX based system in perl, python or C.</p>
<p>if windows is so great, why is it that all the banking institutions run UNIX based servers for their highly sensitive transactions? why is it that the military servers run UNIX based servers? why is it that all your big phone systems have a UNIX based cluster under it?  Wait they don&#8217;t I know of a particular one that was written on windows server 2003&#8230; and it crashes ALL the time,  and they&#8217;re always chasing their tails trying to figure out why.  at least Ma Bell knows better.</p>
<p>If UNIX/Linux breaks it&#8217;s because someone did something wrong or a piece of hardware actually failed and needs to be replaced&#8230; it doesn&#8217;t break &#8220;Just because it needs a reboot&#8221;.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=146</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Installing and configuring MySQL on Linux</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=144</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=144#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 05 Dec 2008 17:32:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[mysql]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[configure]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[configure mysql]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[guide]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[mysql admin]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[mysql guide]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[mysql-server]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=144</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I will be doing this on a Red Hat based distro, but should be very similar on a Debian or bsd style box.
First install mysql and mysql-server:
yum install mysql mysql-server
After the install has completed, start mysqld:
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
After that you need to login and set a root password.  (It is BLANK by default)
mysqladmin -u root [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I will be doing this on a Red Hat based distro, but should be very similar on a Debian or bsd style box.</p>
<p>First install mysql and mysql-server:<br />
<code>yum install mysql mysql-server</code></p>
<p>After the install has completed, start mysqld:<br />
<code>/etc/init.d/mysqld start</code></p>
<p>After that you need to login and set a root password.  (It is BLANK by default)<br />
<code>mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'</code></p>
<p>I would recommend changing &#8216;new-password&#8217; to something you are not using anywhere else and not the one you are planning on using as the actual root password since this command can be viewed in the bash history and anyone with access to your box can read your shell history.</p>
<p>The next step is to login to the console and change it to what you want it to actually be.  This step will not record the password in the shell history.</p>
<p>Login to mysql with the following command:<br />
<code>mysql -h localhost -u root -p</code></p>
<p>Don&#8217;t put the password after -p, if you do it will be recorded in the shell history.  If you leave off the -p it will error saying no password used.  Enter the command as above and it will prompt you for the password.</p>
<p>Now lets update the password:<br />
<code>mysql> USE mysql;<br />
mysql> UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD('new-password') WHERE user='root';<br />
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;</code></p>
<p>Now you can either go forth and set other user accounts from here or simply type &#8216;exit&#8217; to exit the command line interface.  If you have installed phpmyadmin or mysqllcc, or any other of the mysql admin tools, you may also go now and use those to do your db administration.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=144</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Error 51: Unable to communicate with the vpn subsystem &#8212; Mac OSX Cisco VPN Client</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=142</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=142#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 05 Dec 2008 17:06:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[MAC]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[apple]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[cisco]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ciscovpn]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[client]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ipsec]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[OSX]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[vpn]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=142</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[If you are running Cisco&#8217;s VPNClient on Mac OSX, you might be familiar with (or tormented by) &#8220;Error 51: Unable to communicate with the VPN subsystem&#8221;. The simple fix is to quit VPNClient, open a Terminal window, (Applications -&#62; Utilities -&#62; Terminal) and type the following:
sudo /System/Library/StartupItems/CiscoVPN/CiscoVPN restart
and give your password when it asks. This [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>If you are running Cisco&#8217;s VPNClient on Mac OSX, you might be familiar with (or tormented by) &#8220;Error 51: Unable to communicate with the VPN subsystem&#8221;. The simple fix is to quit VPNClient, open a Terminal window, (Applications -&gt; Utilities -&gt; Terminal) and type the following:</p>
<p>sudo /System/Library/StartupItems/CiscoVPN/CiscoVPN restart</p>
<p>and give your password when it asks. This will stop and start the &#8220;VPN Subsystem&#8221;, or in other words restart the CiscoVPN.kext extension. Cisco seems to have problems when network adapters disappear and reappear, something that happens commonly in Wireless or Dial-up scenerios. Sometimes putting a system to sleep, disconnecting an Ethernet cable or simply reconnecting your wireless will cause CiscoVPN to loose track of the network adapters on the system. Considering that CiscoVPN is typically used by telecommuters, this is an astonishing oversight on Cisco&#8217;s part. The above hack should side-step all of these issues by causing the CiscoVPN to re-initialize. It makes one ask, why couldn&#8217;t Cisco have just put the restart into their client? Or a better idea would be to not reinvent the wheel and use the existing IPSec VPN support in OSX! Am I missing something?</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=142</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Fix for &#8220;Metadata file does not match checksum&#8221; error</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=140</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=140#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 24 Nov 2008 19:10:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[all]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[checksum]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[clean]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[fix]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[metadata]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[yum]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=140</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[When running yum, you get the error:

Metadata file does not match checksum

Run:

yum clean all

]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>When running yum, you get the error:<br />
<code>
<pre>Metadata file does not match checksum</pre>
<p></code><br />
Run:</p>
<p><code>
<pre>yum clean all</pre>
<p></code></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=140</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>host is not allowed to connect to this mysql server &#8212; Resolved</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=136</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=136#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 05 Nov 2008 12:45:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Security]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[allowed]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[connect]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[host is not allowed]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[mysql]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[mysql security]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[mysql-server]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[not allowed]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[resolved]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[server]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=136</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[When setting up a new mysql server, if you want to manage it from another machine, you will have to grant that machine access.  If you don&#8217;t, you may get an error that says: &#8220;host is not allowed to connect to this mysql server&#8220;.  This is how you fix it:
Log in to mysql on the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>When setting up a new mysql server, if you want to manage it from another machine, you will have to grant that machine access.  If you don&#8217;t, you may get an error that says: &#8220;<em>host is not allowed to connect to this mysql server</em>&#8220;.  This is how you fix it:</p>
<p>Log in to mysql on the mysql server:</p>
<p><code>[root@mysql-server nss]# mysql -u root -p<br />
Enter password:<br />
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.<br />
Your MySQL connection id is 118<br />
Server version: 5.0.45 Source distribution</p>
<p>Type &#8216;help;&#8217; or &#8216;\h&#8217; for help. Type &#8216;\c&#8217; to clear the buffer.</code></p>
<p>Grant permissions for root to connect to this server from your management machine. <em>You can replace <strong>hostname</strong> with the <strong>IP Address </strong>if you&#8217;d like.</em><br />
<code> mysql&gt; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@'hostname' IDENTIFIED BY 'root-passwd-goes-here' ;<br />
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)<br />
</code></p>
<p>We&#8217;re all done so <strong>exit:</strong><br />
<code>mysql&gt; exit<br />
Bye<br />
</code></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=136</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Linux User Accounting Tools</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=132</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=132#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 30 Oct 2008 13:36:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Security]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Tools]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[accounting]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[user]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=132</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Here is a list of commands you can use to get data about user logins:
who Shows a listing of currently logged-in users.
w Shows who is logged on and what they are doing.
last Shows a list of last logged-in users, including login time, logout time, login IP address, etc.
lastb Same as last, except that by default [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Here is a list of commands you can use to get data about user logins:</p>
<p><tt>who </tt>Shows a listing of currently logged-in users.<br />
<tt>w </tt>Shows who is logged on and what they are doing.<br />
<tt>last </tt>Shows a list of last logged-in users, including login time, logout time, login IP address, etc.<br />
<tt>lastb </tt>Same as last, except that by default it shows a log of the file <tt>/var/log/btmp</tt>,  which contains all the bad login attempts.<br />
<tt>lastlog </tt>This command reports data maintained in <tt>/var/log/lastlog</tt>, which is a record of the  last time a user logged in.<br />
<tt>ac </tt>Prints out the connect time in hours on a per-user basis or daily  basis etc. This command reads <tt>/var/log/wtmp</tt>.</p>
<pre><tt>dump-utmp
  </tt>Converts raw data from <tt>/var/run/utmp</tt> or <tt> /var/log/wtmp</tt> into ASCII-parsable format.</pre>
<pre>Also check the /var/log/messages, /var/log/secure, and /var/log/syslog files.</pre>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=132</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Displaying Login Banners</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=130</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=130#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 30 Oct 2008 13:26:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Security]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[banner]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[banners]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[console]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[display login banners]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[login]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[SSH]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=130</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[

It is prudent to place a legal banner on login screens on all servers for legal reasons and to potentially deter intruders among other things. Consult legal counsel for the content of the banner.

If you want to print a legal banner after a user logs in using ssh, local console etc., you can use the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2><span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a name="DisplayingLoginBanners"><br />
</a></span></span></h2>
<p>It is prudent to place a legal banner on login screens on all servers for legal reasons and to potentially deter intruders among other things. Consult legal counsel for the content of the banner.<br />
<span id="more-130"></span><br />
If you want to print a legal banner <span style="text-decoration: underline;">after</span> a user logs in using ssh, local console etc., you can use the <tt><span style="color: #0000ff;">/etc/motd</span></tt> file.  Create the file if it doesn&#8217;t exist and type in the banner that applies to your organization.<br />
<code>
<pre># <span style="color: #0000ff;">cat /etc/motd</span>
This system is classified...
Use of this system constitutes consent to official monitoring.

#</pre>
<p></code><br />
For SSH you can edit the <tt><span style="color: #0000ff;">Banner</span></tt> parameter in the  <tt><span style="color: #0000ff;">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</span></tt> file which will display the banner before the login prompt.</p>
<p>For local console logins you can edit the <tt><span style="color: #0000ff;">/etc/issue</span></tt> which will display the banner before the login prompt.</p>
<p>For GDM you could make the following changes to require a user to acknowledge the legal banner by selecting &#8216;Yes&#8217; or &#8216;No&#8217;. Edit the <tt><span style="color: #0000ff;">/etc/X11/gdm/PreSession/Default</span></tt> file and add the following lines at the beginning of the script:<br />
<code>
<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">if ! gdialog --yesno '\nThis system is classified...\n' 10 10; then
    sleep 10
    exit 1;
fi
</span></pre>
<p></code><br />
You have to add a sleep of 10 seconds, otherwise GDM will believe that X crashed if the session lasted less than  10 seconds. Unfortunately, at the time of this writing the 10 seconds timeout is hardcoded and there is no configuration  parameter to change it - I checked the source code.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=130</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Restricting Direct Login Access for System and Shared Accounts</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=126</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=126#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 30 Oct 2008 13:11:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Security]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[access]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Accounts]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[console]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[direct login]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[gnome]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[login]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[restrict direct login]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[restrict shard accounts]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[restrict system accounts]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[restricting access]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[restricting direct login access]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[SSH]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[system accounts]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=126</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[On an audited production system it is very important to know who switched to which system or shared account. Therefore it is prudent to restrict direct logins for all system and shared account where more than one individual knows the password. All users should do a direct login using their own account and then switch [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a name="RestrictingDirectLoginAccessForSystemAndSharedAccounts"></a></span></span>On an audited production system it is very important to know who switched to which system or shared account. Therefore it is prudent to restrict direct logins for all system and shared account where more than one individual knows the password. All users should do a direct login using their own account and then switch to the system or shared account. (If you are just interested in restricting direct <tt>root</tt> SSH logins, see  <a href="http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=7">Securing SSH</a>.)<br />
However, there are situations where you have to allow direct logins for system or shared accounts. For example, within an Oracle RAC cluster you have to enable direct ssh logins for <tt>oracle</tt>. But in such an  environment you have to protect the whole cluster as a single entity against incoming ssh connection,  i.e. direct <tt>oracle</tt> logins should not  work if you come from a node that is not part of the cluster. In the following example I will show how to achieve this goal as well.<span id="more-126"></span></p>
<p>Usually all system and shared accounts have one thing in common, that is they are not in the &#8220;<tt>users</tt>&#8221; group. The following example assumes that all individual user accounts are in the &#8220;<tt>users</tt>&#8221; group but system and  shared accounts like <tt>root</tt> and <tt>oracle</tt> are not. If you want to go a step further, a good solution would be to  implement a new &#8216;logingroup&#8217; users group which would require users to be given explicit access.</p>
<p>In this example I will show how to restrict direct logins for:</p>
<pre>- SSH                   (/etc/pam.d/sshd)
- Console Login         (/etc/pam.d/login)
- Graphical Gnome Login (/etc/pam.d/gdm
- or for all logins     (/etc/pam.d/system-auth)</pre>
<p>To accomplish this goal I will add the <tt><span style="color: #0000ff;">pam_access</span></tt> module to the PAM configuration files listed above. This module provides logdaemon-style login access control based on login names, host names, IP addresses, etc.  The PAM module type that has to be used in the configuration files is <tt><span style="color: #0000ff;">account</span></tt>.  This module type does the authorization, i.e. is the user allowed to login (e.g. time, day)? Don&#8217;t confuse the PAM module type <tt>account</tt> with <tt>auth</tt> which does the authentication, for example checking the password. And the control flag  I will use is <tt><span style="color: #0000ff;">required</span></tt>. It specifies that Success is required, Failure means that it will still call the remaining modules, but the result is already determined.</p>
<p>For <strong>SSH Logins</strong> add the <tt><span style="color: #0000ff;">pam_access</span></tt> module to <tt><span style="color: #0000ff;">/etc/pam.d/sshd</span></tt> as follows:</p>
<pre>auth       required     pam_stack.so service=system-auth
auth       required     pam_nologin.so
<span style="color: #0000ff;">account    required     pam_access.so</span>
account    required     pam_stack.so service=system-auth
password   required     pam_stack.so service=system-auth
session    required     pam_stack.so service=system-auth</pre>
<p>For <strong>Console Logins</strong> add the <tt><span style="color: #0000ff;">pam_access</span></tt> module to <tt><span style="color: #0000ff;">/etc/pam.d/login</span></tt> as follows:</p>
<pre>auth       required     pam_securetty.so
auth       required     pam_stack.so service=system-auth
auth       required     pam_nologin.so
<span style="color: #0000ff;">account    required     pam_access.so</span>
account    required     pam_stack.so service=system-auth
password   required     pam_stack.so service=system-auth
session    required     pam_selinux.so close
session    required     pam_stack.so service=system-auth
session    optional     pam_console.so
session    required     pam_selinux.so multiple open</pre>
<p>For <strong>Graphical Gnome Logins</strong> add the <tt><span style="color: #0000ff;">pam_access</span></tt> module to <tt><span style="color: #0000ff;">/etc/pam.d/gdm</span></tt> as follows:</p>
<pre>auth       required     pam_env.so
auth       required     pam_stack.so service=system-auth
auth       required     pam_nologin.so
<span style="color: #0000ff;">account    required     pam_access.so</span>
account    required     pam_stack.so service=system-auth
password   required     pam_stack.so service=system-auth
session    required     pam_stack.so service=system-auth
session    optional     pam_console.so</pre>
<p>Now add the following line to the <tt><span style="color: #0000ff;">/etc/security/access.conf</span></tt> configuration file:</p>
<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">-:ALL EXCEPT users :ALL</span></pre>
<p>The <tt>/etc/security/access.conf</tt> configuration file is read by the <tt>pam_access</tt> module. This entry specifies  that no users are accepted except users that are in the &#8220;<tt>users</tt>&#8221; group.  Since the <tt>pam_access</tt> module has been configured for &#8220;Authorization&#8221; (<tt>account</tt>) in the above PAM configuration files, it denies direct logins for all accounts except the ones that are in the &#8220;<tt>users</tt>&#8221; group.</p>
<p>Now on some systems like Oracle RAC clusters you have to enable direct ssh logins for <tt>oracle</tt> within the cluster. On such systems you can enable direct ssh logins for <tt>oracle</tt> within the cluster by adding/changing the  following lines in <tt>/etc/security/access.conf</tt></p>
<p>:</p>
<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">-:ALL EXCEPT users <strong>oracle</strong>:ALL
<strong>-:oracle:ALL EXCEPT rac1cluster.example.com rac2cluster.example.com rac3cluster.example.com</strong>
</span></pre>
<p>The first line has been edited to include the <tt>oracle</tt> account which will allow general direct logins. However, the second line specifies that direct logins for <tt>oracle</tt> are only allowed from Oracle RAC nodes (rac1cluster, rac2cluster, and rac3cluster) that are part of the cluster.</p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">NOTE:</span></strong></p>
<p>In RHEL4  <tt>pam_access</tt> is already configured for <tt>crond</tt>:</p>
<pre># <span style="color: #0000ff;">grep pam_access /etc/pam.d/*</span>
/etc/pam.d/crond:account    required   pam_access.so accessfile=/etc/security/access-cron.conf
#</pre>
<p>This means that the above entries in <tt>/etc/security/access.conf</tt> will stop cron from working.  <em>Note that it is very prudent to always check whether <tt>pam_access</tt> is configured for any other service on the system!</em></p>
<p>To ensure that all users on the system can still run cron jobs you can add the following argument to <tt>pam_access</tt> in <tt><span style="color: #0000ff;">/etc/pam.d/crond</span></tt></p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>account    required   pam_access.so <span style="color: #0000ff;">accessfile=/etc/security/access-cron.conf</span></pre>
<p>This ensures that the <tt>/etc/security/access.conf</tt> configuration file is not invoked by <tt>crond</tt>. Since <tt>pam_cracklib</tt> does not grant permissions if the configuration file does not exist, execute the following command to create an empty file:</p>
<pre># <span style="color: #0000ff;">touch /etc/security/access-cron.conf</span></pre>
<p>Now verify that cron jobs can be launched by any user on the system.</p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">NOTE:</span></strong></p>
<p>The above example will only work if there exists no &#8220;users&#8221; account in the <tt>/etc/passwd</tt> file on the system, which is usually the case. Otherwise you have to either delete the &#8220;users&#8221; account or you have to designate or create another group name.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=126</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Brute Force Wordlists</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=122</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=122#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 30 Oct 2008 11:58:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Links]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Security]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[0day]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Accounts]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[adult]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[archive of words]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[brute]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[brute-force]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[common passwords]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[dictionary]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[english]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[english wordlist]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[full wordlist]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[l337]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Milw0rm]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[pass list]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[password list]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[passwords]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Stealing Passwords]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[wordlist]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=122</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Here are some links to a few good wordlists for dictionary attacks.  While I have never been hugely successfull using brute-force attemtps, sometimes it&#8217;s good to try.  You never know what you&#8217;ll find.
Adult Wordlist 1kb(r)(u)
http://www.0daymedia.net/p/files/id/267
Large English Wordlist 154kb (r) 520kb
http://www.0daymedia.net/p/files/id/269
Misc Wordlist 167kb (r) 467kb (u)
http://www.0daymedia.net/p/files/id/270
1337 Mini Wordlist 4mb (r) 23mb (u)
http://www.0daymedia.net/p/files/id/268
1337 Full Wordlist 16mb (r) [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Here are some links to a few good wordlists for dictionary attacks.  While I have never been hugely successfull using brute-force attemtps, sometimes it&#8217;s good to try.  You never know what you&#8217;ll find.</p>
<p>Adult Wordlist 1kb(r)(u)<br />
<!-- m --><a class="postlink" href="http://www.0daymedia.net/p/files/id/267">http://www.0daymedia.net/p/files/id/267</a><!-- m --></p>
<p>Large English Wordlist 154kb (r) 520kb<br />
<!-- m --><a class="postlink" href="http://www.0daymedia.net/p/files/id/269">http://www.0daymedia.net/p/files/id/269</a><!-- m --></p>
<p>Misc Wordlist 167kb (r) 467kb (u)<br />
<!-- m --><a class="postlink" href="http://www.0daymedia.net/p/files/id/270">http://www.0daymedia.net/p/files/id/270</a><!-- m --></p>
<p>1337 Mini Wordlist 4mb (r) 23mb (u)<br />
<!-- m --><a class="postlink" href="http://www.0daymedia.net/p/files/id/268">http://www.0daymedia.net/p/files/id/268</a><!-- m --></p>
<p>1337 Full Wordlist 16mb (r) 78mb (u)<br />
<!-- m --><a class="postlink" href="http://www.0daymedia.net/p/files/id/271">http://www.0daymedia.net/p/files/id/271</a><!-- m --></p>
<p>245 mb wordlist 22mb (r) 245mb (u)<br />
<!-- m --><a class="postlink" href="http://www.0daymedia.net/p/files/id/273">http://www.0daymedia.net/p/files/id/273</a><!-- m --></p>
<p>2 gig wordlist 80mb (r) 2gb (u)<br />
<!-- m --><a class="postlink" href="http://www.theargon.com/achilles/wordlists/theargonlists/theargonlistver2.zip">http://www.theargon.com/achilles/wordli &#8230; stver2.zip</a><!-- m --></p>
<p>Milw0rm Cracked Passes list:<br />
<!-- m --><a class="postlink" href="http://milw0rm.com/mil-dic.php">http://milw0rm.com/mil-dic.php</a><!-- m --></p>
<p>Huge archive of wordlists<br />
<!-- m --><a class="postlink" href="http://www.theargon.com/achilles/wordlists/">http://www.theargon.com/achilles/wordlists/</a><!-- m --></p>
<p>Common Passwords and Accounts<br />
<!-- m --><a class="postlink" href="http://packetstormsecurity.nl/Crackers/wordlists/">http://packetstormsecurity.nl/Crackers/wordlists/</a><!-- m --></p>
<p>Phreak Wordlists<br />
<!-- m --><a class="postlink" href="http://www.phreak.org/html/wordlists.shtml">http://www.phreak.org/html/wordlists.shtml</a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=122</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Fix for vmmon compile error with VMWare Server and Ubuntu</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=119</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=119#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 03 Sep 2008 05:34:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[compile]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[error]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[fix vmmon]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[hardy]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[kernel]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[kubuntu]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ubuntu]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[vmmon]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[vmmon compile error]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[vmware]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[vmware server]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=119</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Problem: include/asm/bitops_32.h:9:2: error: #error only &#60;linux/bitops.h&#62; can be included directly, and vmmon-only compile failes
Solution: change line 74 in vmmon-only source file to read: #include “linux/bitops.h”
Steps:

 cd /usr/lib/vmware/modules/source
cp vmmon.tar vmmon.tar.orig
sudo tar xvf vmmon.tar
cd vmmon-only/include/
sudo vi vcpuset.h
change line 74 from: #include “asm/bitops.h” to: #include “linux/bitops.h”
cd ../..
rm vmmon.tar
sudo tar cvf vmmon.tar vmmon-only/
sudo rm -rf vmmon-only/
sudo vmware-config.pl

That’s it, the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Problem: </strong>include/asm/bitops_32.h:9:2: error: #error only &lt;linux/bitops.h&gt; can be included directly, and vmmon-only compile failes</p>
<p><strong>Solution:</strong> change line 74 in vmmon-only source file to read: #include “linux/bitops.h”</p>
<p><strong>Steps:</strong></p>
<ol>
<li> cd /usr/lib/vmware/modules/source</li>
<li>cp vmmon.tar vmmon.tar.orig</li>
<li>sudo tar xvf vmmon.tar</li>
<li>cd vmmon-only/include/</li>
<li>sudo vi vcpuset.h</li>
<li>change line 74 from: #include “asm/bitops.h” to: #include “linux/bitops.h”</li>
<li>cd ../..</li>
<li>rm vmmon.tar</li>
<li>sudo tar cvf vmmon.tar vmmon-only/</li>
<li>sudo rm -rf vmmon-only/</li>
<li>sudo vmware-config.pl</li>
</ol>
<p>That’s it, the compile will work now and vmware should be usable as normal.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=119</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Snort Install Guide for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 to log to MySQL Database</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=114</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=114#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 03 Aug 2008 18:30:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Security]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Tools]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[enterprise linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[host security]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ids]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[intrusion detection]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ips]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[mysql]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Network Security]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[red hat]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[red hat enterprise]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[rhel]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[snort]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[snort install guide]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[snort with mysql]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=114</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This guide is intended for users who are using Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, but this should work fine, or be rather easy to follow and manipulate for users using earlier versions of RHEL, or other Red Hat based Distorbutions such as CentOS and Fedora.
Pre-requisites:  You need to have a MySQL database setup for [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This guide is intended for users who are using Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, but this should work fine, or be rather easy to follow and manipulate for users using earlier versions of RHEL, or other Red Hat based Distorbutions such as CentOS and Fedora.</p>
<p>Pre-requisites:  You need to have a MySQL database setup for Snort to log to.  See my guide, <a href="http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=101">Create MySQL Database for Snort</a>, on how to setup the MySQL Database.<br />
<span id="more-114"></span></p>
<p>First Login to the server and su to root:<br />
<code>sudo su –</code></p>
<p>Then create a source directory for Snort and switch to it:<br />
<code>mkdir /root/snort<br />
cd /root/snort</code><br />
<strong><br />
Download Snort:</strong><br />
Be sure to check the latest version. As of this writing we will be using snort 2.8.2 which is the current.  You can get the latest version by going to http://www.snort.org/dl/ and checking there.<br />
<code><br />
wget http://www.snort.org/dl/old/snort-2.8.2.tar.gz</code></p>
<p><strong>Uncompress the file:</strong><br />
<code>tar –zxvf snort-2.8.2.tar.gz</code></p>
<p><strong>Install Dependencies:</strong><br />
<code>yum install libpcap-devel libtool pcre-devel mysql mysql-devel gcc</code></p>
<p><strong>Install snort:</strong><br />
<code>cd /root/snort/snort-2.8.2<br />
./configure --with-mysql --prefix=/usr</code></p>
<p>If you get any errors, you probably need to install other dependencies. Google them and try again.</p>
<p>After the ./configure completes successfully, do:<br />
<code>make all<br />
make install</code></p>
<p><strong>Create Snort user and group:</strong><br />
<code>groupadd snort<br />
useradd –g snort snort</code><br />
<strong><br />
Create Snort Directories:</strong><br />
<code>mkdir –p /etc/snort/rules<br />
mkdir /var/log/snort</code></p>
<p><strong>Change ownership of log directory:</strong><br />
<code>chown snort.snort /var/log/snort</code></p>
<p>Copy your rules to /etc/snort/rules.  These rules can be downloaded from http://www.snort.org.</p>
<p>Copy the <em>snort.conf </em>file from <a href="http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=108" target="_blank">here</a> and paste it to /etc/snort/snort.conf</p>
<p><strong>Configure MySql information in <em>snort.conf</em>:</strong><br />
<code>vi /etc/snort/snort.conf</code><br />
<strong><br />
Search for <em>log, mysql</em> by typing this exactly:</strong><br />
<code>?alert, mysql</code><br />
Then press <em>Enter.</em></p>
<p>This will take you to the line that you will configure MySql logging on.<br />
Set the variables it asks for on that line.  If you don’t know what they are, you probably shouldn’t be doing this install to begin with&#8230;</p>
<p>At this point you should go in and setup your rules that you have at the bottom of the file.  Just follow the format from the already configured rules.</p>
<p>Add script to <em>/etc/init.d/</em> to start snort service:<br />
<code>vi /etc/int.d/snortd</code></p>
<p>press <em>i</em> to enable inserting text.</p>
<p>Copy the following text in gray:<br />
<code>#!/bin/sh<br />
# Description: start up script for snort<br />
# chkconfig: 2345 40 60<br />
#<br />
# Source function library.<br />
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions<br />
#<br />
case "$1" in<br />
#<br />
'start')<br />
echo "Starting up Snort..."<br />
/usr/bin/snort -c /etc/snort/snort.conf -D -g snort -u snort -i eth0 -l /var/log/snort<br />
echo "Done."<br />
;;<br />
#<br />
'stop')<br />
echo "Stopping Snort..."<br />
killproc snort<br />
echo "Done."<br />
;;<br />
#<br />
'restart')<br />
$0 stop<br />
$0 start<br />
;;<br />
#<br />
status)<br />
status snort<br />
;;<br />
#<br />
*)<br />
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"<br />
exit 1<br />
#<br />
esac<br />
exit 0</code></p>
<p>Go back to the ssh client and hold the shift key and press the Insert key (This will paste the script into the file. )</p>
<p>Press the <em>Esc</em> Key to leave insert mode.<br />
Hold the <em>Shift</em> key and press <em>z</em> twice to save and exit the file.</p>
<p><strong>Make the service script executable:</strong><br />
<code>chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/snortd</code></p>
<p><strong>Start Snort Service at boot:</strong><br />
<code>chkconfig snortd on</code></p>
<p><strong>Start Snort:</strong><br />
<code>service snortd start</code></p>
<p><strong>Check that it’s runnig:</strong><br />
<code>ps –ef | grep snort</code><br />
or<br />
<code>service snortd status</code></p>
<p>If the only thing you see contains grep then snort is not running.</p>
<p>If this is the case, look at the messages log to see what held it up.  Generally it&#8217;s a bad rule, which it will tell you what is bad about it.<br />
<code>tail –n100 /var/log/messages</code></p>
<p><strong>Conclusion</strong><br />
Snort now should be running as a service and logging to the MySql database as defined above.  The next step will be to install some sort of front-end (such as ACID) to monitor the alerts.  We will cover this in the next post.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=114</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>A non-bloated snort.conf that logs to mysql</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=108</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=108#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 01 Aug 2008 10:50:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Security]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[conf]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ids]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[intrusion detection]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ips]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[mysql config]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[networksecurity]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[snort]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[snort config]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[snort mysql config]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[snort.conf]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=108</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[You can use this config as a starting point for your Snort configuration.  Note that you will need to change the MySql variable&#8230; You should see it if you scroll down some.  Also comment out or add any rules that you may or may not have.  A good source for rules would [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>You can use this config as a starting point for your Snort configuration.  Note that you will need to change the MySql variable&#8230; You should see it if you scroll down some.  Also comment out or add any rules that you may or may not have.  A good source for rules would be http://www.snort.org, or google for bleeding-edge rules.  I personally use a combination of the two rulesets.<br />
<span id="more-108"></span><br />
<code>#--------------------------------------------------<br />
#   http://www.snort.org     Snort 2.8.2 Ruleset<br />
#     Contact: snort-sigs@lists.sourceforge.net<br />
#--------------------------------------------------<br />
# $Id$<br />
#<br />
# Step #1: Set the network variables:<br />
#<br />
# You must change the following variables<br />
# to reflect your local network. The variable<br />
# is currently setup for an RFC 1918 address space.<br />
#<br />
# You can specify it explicitly as:<br />
#<br />
# var HOME_NET 10.1.1.0/24<br />
#<br />
#<br />
# var HOME_NET $eth0_ADDRESS<br />
#<br />
# You can specify lists of IP addresses for HOME_NET<br />
# by separating the IPs with commas like this:<br />
#<br />
# var HOME_NET [10.1.1.0/24,192.168.1.0/24]<br />
#<br />
# MAKE SURE YOU DON&#8217;T PLACE ANY SPACES IN YOUR LIST!<br />
#<br />
# or you can specify the variable to be any IP address<br />
# like this:<br />
</code><code><br />
var HOME_NET any<br />
</code><code><br />
# Set up the external network addresses as well.<br />
var EXTERNAL_NET any<br />
</code><code><br />
# List of DNS servers on your network<br />
var DNS_SERVERS $HOME_NET<br />
</code><code><br />
# List of SMTP servers on your network<br />
var SMTP_SERVERS $HOME_NET<br />
</code><code><br />
# List of web servers on your network<br />
var HTTP_SERVERS $HOME_NET<br />
</code><code><br />
# List of sql servers on your network<br />
var SQL_SERVERS $HOME_NET<br />
</code><code><br />
# List of telnet servers on your network<br />
var TELNET_SERVERS $HOME_NET<br />
</code><code><br />
# List of snmp servers on your network<br />
var SNMP_SERVERS $HOME_NET<br />
</code><code><br />
# Ports you run web servers on<br />
portvar HTTP_PORTS 80<br />
</code><code><br />
# Ports you want to look for SHELLCODE on.<br />
portvar SHELLCODE_PORTS !80<br />
</code><code><br />
# Ports you might see oracle attacks on<br />
portvar ORACLE_PORTS 1521<br />
</code><code><br />
# Path to your rules files (this can be a relative path)<br />
var RULE_PATH /etc/snort/rules<br />
</code><code><br />
# frag3: Target-based IP defragmentation<br />
preprocessor frag3_global: max_frags 65536<br />
preprocessor frag3_engine: policy first detect_anomalies<br />
</code><code><br />
# Target Based stateful inspection/stream reassembly for Snort<br />
preprocessor stream5_global: max_tcp 8192, track_tcp yes, \<br />
                              track_udp no<br />
preprocessor stream5_tcp: policy first, use_static_footprint_sizes<br />
</code><code><br />
# http_inspect<br />
preprocessor http_inspect: global \<br />
    iis_unicode_map unicode.map 1252<br />
</code><code><br />
preprocessor http_inspect_server: server default \<br />
    profile all ports { 80 8080 8180 } oversize_dir_length 500<br />
</code><code><br />
# rpc_decode: normalize RPC traffic<br />
preprocessor rpc_decode: 111 32771<br />
</code><code><br />
# bo: Back Orifice detector<br />
preprocessor bo<br />
</code><code><br />
# sfPortScan<br />
preprocessor sfportscan: proto  { all } \<br />
                         memcap { 10000000 } \<br />
                         sense_level { low }<br />
# database: log to a variety of databases<br />
</code><code><br />
#######################################<br />
#CHANGE THESE VALUES TO MATCH YOUR SETUP!!!!     #<br />
#######################################<br />
</code><code><br />
output database: alert, mysql, user=snort password=snort dbname=snort host=snort<br />
</code><code><br />
# Include classification &#038; priority settings<br />
include classification.config<br />
</code><code><br />
# Include reference systems<br />
include reference.config<br />
</code><code><br />
# Customize your rule set<br />
include $RULE_PATH/local.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/bad-traffic.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/exploit.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/scan.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/finger.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/ftp.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/telnet.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/rpc.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/rservices.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/dos.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/ddos.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/dns.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/tftp.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/web-cgi.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/web-coldfusion.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/web-iis.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/web-frontpage.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/web-misc.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/web-client.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/web-php.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/sql.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/x11.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/icmp.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/netbios.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/misc.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/attack-responses.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/oracle.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/mysql.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/snmp.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/smtp.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/imap.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/pop2.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/pop3.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/nntp.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/other-ids.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/web-attacks.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/backdoor.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/shellcode.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/policy.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/porn.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/info.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/icmp-info.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/virus.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/chat.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/multimedia.rules<br />
include $RULE_PATH/p2p.rules<br />
</code></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=108</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Create MySQL Database for Snort</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=101</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=101#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 01 Aug 2008 08:17:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Security]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[creat snort mysql database]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[create snort database]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[mysql]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[mysql database for snort]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[snort]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[snort database]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[snort with mysql]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=101</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In this topic we will be creating a database for snort to use to log it&#8217;s alerts to.  This is Part One in a series of installing snort with MySQL backend.

Create a source directory for Snort and switch to it:
mkdir /root/snort
cd /root/snort

Install Dep’s
yum install mysql-server mysql mysql-devel
Download Snort:
Be sure to check the latest version. [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In this topic we will be creating a database for snort to use to log it&#8217;s alerts to.  This is Part One in a series of installing snort with MySQL backend.<span id="more-101"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Create a source directory for Snort and switch to it:</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: #e6e6e6 none repeat scroll 0%;">mkdir /root/snort</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: #e6e6e6 none repeat scroll 0%;">cd /root/snort</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal">Install Dep’s</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><code>yum install mysql-server mysql mysql-devel</code></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Download Snort:</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Be sure to check the latest version. As of this writing we will be using snort 2.8.2 which is the current.<span> </span>You can get the latest version by going to <a href="http://www.snort.org/dl/">http://www.snort.org/dl/</a> and checking there.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><code>wget http://www.snort.org/dl/old/snort-2.8.2.tar.gz</code></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Uncompress the file:</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><code>tar –zxvf snort-2.8.2.tar.gz</code></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Start MySql server</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><code>/etc/init.d/mysqld start</code></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Login to mysql server</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><code>mysql -u root –p</code></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">If this is a new MySql install, there will be no password.<span> </span>Just hit enter when prompted for a password.<span> </span>If there is no password for root, we need to make one:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal"><code>mysql&gt; SET PASSWORD FOR root@localhost=PASSWORD('YOUR_PASSWORD');</code></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Create a Snort User:</strong></p>
<p><code>mysql&gt; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'snort'@'localhost'<br />
-&gt;     IDENTIFIED BY 'some_pass' WITH GRANT OPTION;<br />
mysql&gt; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'snort'@'%'<br />
-&gt;     IDENTIFIED BY 'some_pass' WITH GRANT OPTION;</code></p>
<p><em>Note:  Hit enter at the end of a line, don&#8217;t type the -&gt;</em></p>
<p><strong>Create the snort database.</strong></p>
<p class="command"><code>mysql&gt; create database snort;<br />
mysql&gt; exit<br />
</code><br />
We will use the snort schema for the layout of the database.</p>
<p class="command"><code># mysql -D snort -u root -p &lt; /root/snort/snort-&lt;version&gt;/schemas/create_mysql</code></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=101</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Spying on the console</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=96</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=96#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 31 Jul 2008 11:35:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[/dev/vcs1]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[cat]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[console]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[spy]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[spy on the console]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=96</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Some software prints error messages to the console that may not necessarily show up on your SSH session. Using the vcs devices can let you examine these. From within an SSH session, run the following command on a remote server: 
# tail -f /dev/vcs1. 
Type Ctrl+c to stop.
This will show you what is on the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Some software prints error messages to the console that may not necessarily show up on your SSH session. Using the vcs devices can let you examine these. From within an SSH session, run the following command on a remote server: </p>
<p><code># tail -f /dev/vcs1. </code></p>
<p>Type Ctrl+c to stop.</p>
<p>This will show you what is on the first console. You can also look at the other virtual terminals using 2, 3, etc. If a user is typing on the remote system, you&#8217;ll be able to see what he typed.</p>
<p>This doesn&#8217;t show you what is being typed via ssh terminals, only what is bing typed on the physical console itself.</p>
<p>In most data farms, using a remote terminal server, KVM, or even Serial Over LAN is the best way to view this information; it also provides the additional benefit of out-of-band viewing capabilities. Using the vcs device provides a fast in-band method that may be able to save you some time from going to the machine room and looking at the console.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=96</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Monitor for a Bad Hard Drive in Linux</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=85</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=85#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 31 Jul 2008 11:06:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Scripts]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[bad disk]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[bad hard drive]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[detect bad hard drive]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[detect bad hard drive in linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[linux read-only]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[linux read-write]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[linux ro]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[linux rw]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[read-only]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[read-write]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ro]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[rw]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=85</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Typically when your hard drive starts going bad in Linux, you will notice that your system remounted the root file system as read-only (ro).  To get an email notification on when this happens, simply place this little script in a file and set cron to launch it every 10 minutes or so.  If [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Typically when your hard drive starts going bad in Linux, you will notice that your system remounted the root file system as read-only (ro).  To get an email notification on when this happens, simply place this little script in a file and set cron to launch it every 10 minutes or so.  If everything is OK, no output will be displayed, therefore no annoying emails to the root account telling you what the output for the cron job was.</p>
<p>Here is the script:<br />
<code>#!/bin/bash<br />
#<br />
# Change this to your email address.  Please<br />
# note that if you cannot relay out or if you<br />
# have a dynamic IP, you may not be able to<br />
# send the email to an outside address.<br />
TO="changeme@yahoo.com"<br />
#<br />
# get the output from the mount command<br />
#<br />
MOUNT_OUT=`mount`<br />
#<br />
# see if the string 'ro' exists in the<br />
# output of the mount command. be careful,<br />
# if there is a CD-ROM inserted into the<br />
# server this will always be true and you<br />
# will get a lot of false positives<br />
echo $MOUNT_OUT | grep \(ro\)<br />
#<br />
# get the return code for the grep<br />
# operation.<br />
#<br />
RO=$?<br />
#<br />
# grep returns an exit code<br />
# of 0 if there is a match<br />
#<br />
if [ "$RO" = "0" ]<br />
then<br />
   #<br />
   # send an e-mail notification saying<br />
   # that there is a file-system that<br />
   # has been mounted as read-only<br />
   #<br />
   BODY=$MOUNT_OUT<br />
   echo read-only file systems found<br />
   echo $BODY<br />
   `which sendmail` -f root@`hostname &#8211;fqdn` -t << FooBar<br />
From: root@`hostname --fqdn`<br />
To: $TO<br />
Subject: `hostname` has read-only file systems $BODY<br />
FooBar<br />
   #<br />
   # exit with a status code of 1 if<br />
   # read-only file systems were found<br />
   #<br />
   exit 1<br />
fi<br />
#<br />
# exit with a status code of 0 if no<br />
# read-only file systems were found<br />
#<br />
exit 0</code></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=85</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Unmounting the unresponsive DVD drive</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=81</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=81#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 31 Jul 2008 10:30:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Drive]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[dvd]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[unmount]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[unmount drive]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[unmount dvd]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[unresponsive]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[unresponsive drive]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=81</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The newbie states that when he pushes the Eject button on the DVD drive of                 a server running a certain Redmond-based operating system, it will eject              [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a name="T1"></a>The newbie states that when he pushes the Eject button on the DVD drive of                 a server running a certain Redmond-based operating system, it will eject                 immediately. He then complains that, in most enterprise Linux servers, if a                 process is running in that directory, then the ejection won&#8217;t happen. For                 too long as a Linux administrator, I would reboot the machine and get my                 disk on the bounce if I couldn&#8217;t figure out what was running and why it                 wouldn&#8217;t release the DVD drive. But this is ineffective.</p>
<p>Here&#8217;s how you find the process that holds your DVD drive and eject it to                 your heart&#8217;s content: First, simulate it. Stick a disk in your DVD drive,                 open up a terminal, and mount the DVD drive:</p>
<p><code> <span class="boldcode"># mount /media/cdrom<br />
# cd /media/cdrom<br />
# while [ 1 ]; do echo &#8220;All your drives are belong to us!&#8221;; sleep 30; done</span> </code><br />
<br />
Now open up a second terminal and try to eject the DVD drive:<br />
<br />
<code> <span class="boldcode"># eject</span> </code><br />
<br />
You&#8217;ll get a message like:<br />
<br />
<code>umount: /media/cdrom: device is busy</code><br />
<br />
Before you free it, let&#8217;s find out who is using it.<br />
<br />
<code> <span class="boldcode"># fuser /media/cdrom</span> </code><br />
<br />
You see the process was running and, indeed, it is our fault we can not                 eject the disk.<br />
<br />
Now, if you are root, you can exercise your godlike powers and kill                 processes:</p>
<p><code> <span class="boldcode"># fuser -k /media/cdrom</span> </code><br />
<br />
Boom! Just like that, freedom. Now solemnly unmount the drive:</p>
<p><code> <span class="boldcode"># eject</span> </code></p>
<p><code>fuser</code> is good.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=81</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>A Little Netstat Bash Script</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=80</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=80#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 16 Jul 2008 16:24:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Scripts]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[/bin/bash]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[bash]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[continuous netstat]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[continuous script]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[netstat]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[netstat script]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[script]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=80</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Just a script to run netstat continuously for 5 minutes.   I know you can run it with the -c option, but it sure is ugly and hard to keep up with everything as it scrolls by.  this script clears the screen and runs netstat -ant again every second to give it output [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Just a script to run netstat continuously for 5 minutes.   I know you can run it with the -c option, but it sure is ugly and hard to keep up with everything as it scrolls by.  this script clears the screen and runs netstat -ant again every second to give it output similar to top.   I set it to stop after 5 minutes because we don&#8217;t want it to be a runaway process if we forget about it.  I figure if I&#8217;m actually watching it for 5 minutes, it won&#8217;t kill me to hit the up arrow and the enter key to restart it.</p>
<p><code>#!/bin/bash<br />
#<br />
# Written by Kammouflage<br />
# http://blog.kameronkenny.com<br />
#<br />
# You may copy, distribute, modify... basically<br />
#do whatever the hell you want to with this<br />
#as long as you leave my name, web site and<br />
#this little message with the script<br />
</code><code><br />
COUNTER=0<br />
</code><code><br />
#change 300 to whatever you want to lengthen or shorten the time<br />
</code><code><br />
while [  $COUNTER -lt 300 ]; do<br />
clear<br />
netstat -ant<br />
sleep 1<br />
let COUNTER=COUNTER+1<br />
done</code></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=80</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Find number of processes on Linux Host</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=79</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=79#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 24 Jun 2008 08:56:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=79</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This command should find the number of processes running on your system.
ps ax &#124; wc -l &#124; tr -d " "
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This command should find the number of processes running on your system.</p>
<p><code>ps ax | wc -l | tr -d " "</code></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=79</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Find Memory Information on Linux</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=78</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=78#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Jun 2008 09:55:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[find linux memory info]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[find linux memory information]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[get linux memory information]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[linux mem]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[linux memory]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Linux RAM]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Linux RAM info]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[mem info]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[meminfo]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[memory info]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[RAM]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=78</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Sometimes you need to know what some of the detailed information is about your memory. Issue this command to get that detailed info:
cat /proc/meminfo
This will give you an output similar to:
MemTotal:      2075468 kB
MemFree:         62432 kB
Buffers:        [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span class="entry">Sometimes you need to know what some of the detailed information is about your memory. Issue this command to get that detailed info:</span></p>
<p><code>cat /proc/meminfo</code></p>
<p>This will give you an output similar to:</p>
<p><code>MemTotal:      2075468 kB<br />
MemFree:         62432 kB<br />
Buffers:         28656 kB<br />
Cached:        1860400 kB<br />
SwapCached:         40 kB<br />
Active:        1088064 kB<br />
Inactive:       888416 kB<br />
HighTotal:     1179436 kB<br />
HighFree:         5736 kB<br />
LowTotal:       896032 kB<br />
LowFree:         56696 kB<br />
SwapTotal:     2031608 kB<br />
SwapFree:      2031476 kB<br />
Dirty:            1388 kB<br />
Writeback:           0 kB<br />
AnonPages:       87392 kB<br />
Mapped:          26264 kB<br />
Slab:            25204 kB<br />
PageTables:       2020 kB<br />
NFS_Unstable:        0 kB<br />
Bounce:              0 kB<br />
CommitLimit:   3069340 kB<br />
Committed_AS:   881604 kB<br />
VmallocTotal:   114680 kB<br />
VmallocUsed:      5012 kB<br />
VmallocChunk:   109152 kB<br />
HugePages_Total:     0<br />
HugePages_Free:      0<br />
HugePages_Rsvd:      0<br />
Hugepagesize:     4096 kB<br />
</code></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=78</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Find CPU information on Linux</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=77</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=77#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Jun 2008 09:51:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[cpu info]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[cpuinfo]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[find linux cpu info]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[find linux cpu information]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[get linux cpu information]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[get linux processor information]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[linux cpu]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[linux processor]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[proc info]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[processor info]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=77</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Sometimes you need to know what some of the detailed information is about your processor.  Issue this command to get that detailed info:
cat /proc/cpuinfo
This will give an output similar to:
processor       : 0
vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
cpu family      : 6
model [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sometimes you need to know what some of the detailed information is about your processor.  Issue this command to get that detailed info:</p>
<p><code>cat /proc/cpuinfo</code></p>
<p>This will give an output similar to:</p>
<p><code>processor       : 0<br />
vendor_id       : GenuineIntel<br />
cpu family      : 6<br />
model           : 15<br />
model name      : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU            5130  @ 2.00GHz<br />
stepping        : 6<br />
cpu MHz         : 1995.050<br />
cache size      : 4096 KB<br />
physical id     : 0<br />
siblings        : 2<br />
core id         : 0<br />
cpu cores       : 2<br />
fdiv_bug        : no<br />
hlt_bug         : no<br />
f00f_bug        : no<br />
coma_bug        : no<br />
fpu             : yes<br />
fpu_exception   : yes<br />
cpuid level     : 10<br />
wp              : yes<br />
flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx lm constant_tsc pni monitor ds_cpl vmx tm2 cx16 xtpr lahf_lm<br />
bogomips        : 3992.35</code><br />
<code><br />
processor       : 1<br />
vendor_id       : GenuineIntel<br />
cpu family      : 6<br />
model           : 15<br />
model name      : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU            5130  @ 2.00GHz<br />
stepping        : 6<br />
cpu MHz         : 1995.050<br />
cache size      : 4096 KB<br />
physical id     : 0<br />
siblings        : 2<br />
core id         : 1<br />
cpu cores       : 2<br />
fdiv_bug        : no<br />
hlt_bug         : no<br />
f00f_bug        : no<br />
coma_bug        : no<br />
fpu             : yes<br />
fpu_exception   : yes<br />
cpuid level     : 10<br />
wp              : yes<br />
flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx lm constant_tsc pni monitor ds_cpl vmx tm2 cx16 xtpr lahf_lm<br />
bogomips        : 3990.00<br />
</code></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=77</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Find Linux Version Info</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=76</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=76#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 May 2008 19:34:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Info]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Linux Info]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Linux Version Info]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Version]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Version Info]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=76</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[On Linux you can type: uname -r to get the kernel version will give results like 2.6.24.4-64.fc8
On Red Hat you can type: cat /etc/redhat-release to get the version of Red Hat and get a result like Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.1 (Tikanga)


]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'">On Linux you can type: </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Consolas">uname -r</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> to get the kernel version will give results like <strong>2.6.24.4-64.fc8</strong></p>
<p>On Red Hat you can type: </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Consolas">cat /etc/redhat-release</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> to get the version of <strong>Red </strong>Hat and get a result like<strong> Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.1 (Tikanga)<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--></strong></span></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=76</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Using SSH</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=75</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=75#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 May 2008 19:30:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Ensim]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[General Hacking]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[M$ Windows]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Tools]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[how to ssh]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[scp]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[sftp]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[SSH]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ssh how to]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[using ssh]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=75</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Using SSH
SSH is a Secure Shell that runs over a secure, encrypted connection. It is superior to ftp and telnet because of it’s ability to encrypt the transmissions(usernames, passwords, data) instead of sending it in pain-text that is easily captured by sniffing the network.
SSH Clients
Linux
Linux has the ssh client built into it’s shell. There is [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt">Using SSH</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt">SSH is a Secure Shell that runs over a secure, encrypted connection.<span> </span>It is superior to ftp and telnet because of it’s ability to encrypt the transmissions(usernames, passwords, data) instead of sending it in pain-text that is easily captured by sniffing the network.</span><span id="more-75"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt">SSH Clients</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt">Linux</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Linux has the ssh client built into it’s shell.<span> </span>There is no need to install any extra client. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt">Windows</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Windows has a number of popular SSH clients that are easy to use and install.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-size: 10pt">Putty</span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt"> is probably the most popular SSH client, it can be installed or be portable.<span> </span>It does, however, lack the ability to “drag and drop” files to transfer to the server.<span> </span>You will need to use sftp to transfer files.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Download Putty: <a href="http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/%7Esgtatham/putty/download.html">http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html</a> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-size: 10pt">SSH Secure Shell 3.2.9 client</span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt"> is an SSH client that has two modes.<span> </span>A command line mode (like putty) and a GUI mode to drag and drop files to and from the server (like ftp).<span> </span>I also find this one easier to use when it comes to managing profiles. It has a drop down menu with a list of your saved hosts and a quick connect button for hosts that do not yet exist.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Download:</span> <code><span style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://cf.wm.edu/it/software/public/ssh/sshsecureshellclient-3.2.9.exe">https://cf.wm.edu/it/software/public/ssh/sshsecureshellclient-3.2.9.exe</a></span></code></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt">Examples</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt">In both Windows Clients described above, you can set all of the options that are described below in the saved host profiles.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt">These examples are for the Linux Clients, or those who use Cygwin in Windows.</span><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><code><span style="font-size: 10pt">ssh $USER@$HOST<span> </span></span></code>Login to $HOST as $USER</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: -0.5in"><code><span style="font-size: 10pt">ssh -X $USER@$HOST<span> </span></span></code>Login to $HOST as $USER and tunnel Xserver back to client</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: -0.5in"><code><span style="font-size: 10pt">ssh $USER@$HOST command<span> </span></span></code>Run command on $HOST as $USER (default command=shell)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: -0.5in"><code><span style="font-size: 10pt">ssh -f -Y $USER@$HOSTNAME xeyes<span> </span></span></code>Run GUI command on $HOSTNAME as $USER</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: -0.5in"><code><span style="font-size: 10pt">scp -p -r $USER@$HOST: file dir/<span> </span></span></code>Copy with permissions to $USER\&#8217;s home directory on $HOST</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: -0.5in"><code><span style="font-size: 10pt">ssh -g -L 8080:localhost:80 root@$HOST<span> </span></span></code>Forward connections to $HOSTNAME:8080 out to $HOST:80</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: -0.5in"><code><span style="font-size: 10pt">ssh -R 1434:imap:143 root@$HOST<span> </span></span></code>Forward connections from $HOST:1434 in to imap:143</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=75</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Add a New Hard Drive to Linux</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=74</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=74#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 May 2008 19:23:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[df]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Disk]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Drive]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[eide]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ext2]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ext3]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[fstab]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Hard]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Hard Disk]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Hard Drive]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ide]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[mkfs]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[mount]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Partition]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[sata]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[scsi]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=74</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Description 
Adding a new disk to a linux host by using fdisk and mkfs 
Instructions 
Power down machine, install new hard drive. Boot the computer back up. 
After startup, go to a command line. If you only HAD one disk your new disk should be /dev/XdY (X will be s if you used a scsi [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal"><strong><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Description <o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Adding a new disk to a linux host by using fdisk and mkfs <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal"><a title="Instructions" name="Instructions"></a><strong><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Instructions <o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Power down machine, install new hard drive. Boot the computer back up. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'">After startup, go to a command line. If you only HAD one disk your new disk should be /dev/XdY (X will be s if you used a scsi or sata drive, or h if you used an IDE drive)(Y will be the next letter in the alphabet from the previous drive. If this is your second serial drive, it should be /dev/sdb. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Note: You can issue </span><code>fdisk -l</code><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> to list the disks.</span><span id="more-74"></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal"><a title="Switch_to_root" name="Switch_to_root"></a><strong><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Switch to root <o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'">If you have access to the root user, lets switch to root.<br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New'">su -</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><br />
Then enter the password for root when prompted<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal"><a title="Create_Partitions" name="Create_Partitions"></a><strong><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Create Partitions <o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Once you have found out what your new disk is labeled, (In this example we are going to use /dev/sdb) type </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New'">fdisk /dev/sdb</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Press n for a new partition <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'">When prompted, press </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New'">p</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> for Primary. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'">For the first partition, press </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New'">1</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'">When prompted for the first cylinder, press </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New'">enter</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> to take the default. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'">When Prompted for the last cylinder, you can take the default to use the whole disk by pressing </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New'">enter</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> or you can type +sizeM to add howover many MB. (If you wanted to add 5GB you would type +5000M) <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'">To create more partitions, repeat the above steps starting at </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New'">n</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'">After you are done creating your partition layout, press </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New'">w</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> to write the layout to disk. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal"><a title="Format_New_Partition" name="Format_New_Partition"></a><strong><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Format New Partition <o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Now you need to format the partition for use. For this example I chose to use ext3. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'">At the command line, type:<br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New'">mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><br />
You will need to do this for each partition you created. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal"><a title="Mount_new_partitions" name="Mount_new_partitions"></a><strong><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Mount new partitions <o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'">First lets create a mount point: </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New'">mkdir /disk2</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><br />
Now mount it:<br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New'">mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb1 /disk2</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><br />
Verify that it is indeed mounted:<br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New'">df -h</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></span></p>
<p>You should now that /dev/sdb1 is mounted to /disk2. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal"><a title="Add_new_partition_to_FSTAB" name="Add_new_partition_to_FSTAB"></a><strong><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Add new partition to FSTAB <o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The fstab file holds all of the used disks and partitions, and determines how they are supposed to be used by the operating system. So we edit the file to add the newly created partition. If you want the new partitions to be mounted at boot automatically, continue the following steps. If you want it to be manual, stop here. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Issue at the command line:<br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New'">vi /etc/fstab</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><br />
Add:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New'">/dev/sdb1 /disk2 ext3 defaults 1 1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'">to the end of the file.<br />
Save the file and exit. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=74</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Execute Command as Another User</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=73</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=73#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 21 May 2008 17:51:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[another user]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[command]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Commands]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Execute]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Execute Command as another user]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[simple]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[su]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[su username -c command]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[user]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[username]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[users]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=73</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Sometimes you need to execute a command as another user to test newly installed or configured software.  For instance, if you just installed snort you want to make sure it&#8217;s going to run ok as the snort user.  It&#8217;s relatively simple.

su username -c command

So if you wanted to execute a backups script called [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sometimes you need to execute a command as another user to test newly installed or configured software.  For instance, if you just installed snort you want to make sure it&#8217;s going to run ok as the snort user.  It&#8217;s relatively simple.</p>
<p><code>
<pre>su username -c command</pre>
<p></code></p>
<p>So if you wanted to execute a backups script called backup.sh as the user named backupadmin then you would type:</p>
<p><code>
<pre>su backupadmin -c backup.sh</pre>
<p></code></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=73</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Disable X (GUI) in linux</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=72</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=72#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 25 Apr 2008 14:14:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[disable]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Disable gui]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[disable gui in linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Disable X]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[x]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[x11]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[xorg]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[xorg.conf]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=72</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Disabling X is very useful when running the system as a server and not using it as a workstation.  It disables the GUI mode and gives you only command line access. Pretty much anything you need to do on the server can be done from the command line.  If you do, however need [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Disabling X is very useful when running the system as a server and not using it as a workstation.  It disables the GUI mode and gives you only command line access. Pretty much anything you need to do on the server can be done from the command line.  If you do, however need to login to a GUI you can issue <code>startx</code> or <code>init 5</code> from the command line.</p>
<p>To disable X by default issue:<br />
<code>vi /etc/inittab</code></p>
<p>Scroll down untill you see:</p>
<p><code># Default runlevel. The runlevels used by RHS are:<br />
#   0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)<br />
#   1 - Single user mode<br />
#   2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking)<br />
#   3 - Full multiuser mode<br />
#   4 - unused<br />
#   5 - X11<br />
#   6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)<br />
#<br />
id:5:initdefault:</code></p>
<p>change: <code>id:5:initdefault:</code> to <code>id:3:initdefault:</code></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=72</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Set Time and Date on Linux using Command Line (CLI)</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=71</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=71#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 15 Feb 2008 17:27:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[-s]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[CLI]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[date]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[date -s]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[set time]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[set time in command line]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[set time in command line on linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[set time on linux]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=71</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[First lets look at the date.  Issue:date at the CLI.
You should get a response like:
Fri Feb 15 11:36:02 CST 2008
If the time zone is off, type timeconfig and set it.
If the clock is off type: date -s 11:36:00
the -s means set then replace 11:36:00 with the respective time.
If the date is off, issue: date [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>First lets look at the date.  Issue:<code>date</code> at the CLI.</p>
<p>You should get a response like:<br />
<code>Fri Feb 15 11:36:02 CST 2008</code></p>
<p>If the time zone is off, type <code>timeconfig</code> and set it.</p>
<p>If the clock is off type: <code>date -s 11:36:00</code><br />
the -s means <em>set</em> then replace <em>11:36:00</em> with the respective time.</p>
<p>If the date is off, issue: <code>date -s "02/15/2008"</code> replacing the <em>02/15/2008</em> with the respective date.</p>
<p>Once you&#8217;ve changed everything to the way it needs to be, issue the command <code>date </code>again and verify.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=71</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Installing RPMForge to use DAG&#8217;s yum repo</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=70</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=70#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 07 Feb 2008 15:19:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Tools]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[dag]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[dag.wieers.com]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Download]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[es]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[install]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[linux download]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[linux software]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[red hat]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[red hat enterprise linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[rhel]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[rpm]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[software]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[wieers]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[yum]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=70</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It&#8217;s very easy. Just install the latest rpmforge-release package for your distribution and architecture.
This will automatically install the configuration and GPG keys that are for safely installing RPMforge packages.
Please select the correct command from the following list:
Supported
 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 / i386:
rpm -Uhv http://apt.sw.be/packages/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm

 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 / x86_64:
rpm -Uhv http://apt.sw.be/packages/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm

 [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It&#8217;s very easy. Just install the latest <a href="http://dag.wieers.com/packages/rpmforge-release">rpmforge-release</a> package <strong>for your distribution and architecture</strong>.</p>
<p>This will automatically install the configuration and GPG keys that are for safely installing RPMforge packages.<span id="more-70"></span></p>
<p>Please select the correct command from the following list:</p>
<ul><u>Supported</u></p>
<li> Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 / <strong>i386</strong>:
<p class="tty">rpm -Uhv <a href="http://apt.sw.be/packages/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm">http://apt.sw.be/packages/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm</a></p>
</li>
<li> Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 / <strong>x86_64</strong>:
<p class="tty">rpm -Uhv <a href="http://apt.sw.be/packages/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm">http://apt.sw.be/packages/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm</a></p>
</li>
<li> Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 / <strong>i386</strong>:
<p class="tty">rpm -Uhv <a href="http://apt.sw.be/packages/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el4.rf.i386.rpm">http://apt.sw.be/packages/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el4.rf.i386.rpm</a></p>
</li>
<li> Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 / <strong>x86_64</strong>:
<p class="tty">rpm -Uhv <a href="http://apt.sw.be/packages/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el4.rf.x86_64.rpm">http://apt.sw.be/packages/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el4.rf.x86_64.rpm</a></p>
</li>
<li> Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 / <strong>i386</strong>:
<p class="tty">rpm -Uhv <a href="http://apt.sw.be/packages/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el3.rf.i386.rpm">http://apt.sw.be/packages/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el3.rf.i386.rpm</a></p>
</li>
<li> Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 / <strong>x86_64</strong>:
<p class="tty">rpm -Uhv <a href="http://apt.sw.be/packages/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el3.rf.x86_64.rpm">http://apt.sw.be/packages/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el3.rf.x86_64.rpm</a></p>
</li>
<li> Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2 / <strong>i386</strong>:
<p class="tty">rpm -Uhv <a href="http://apt.sw.be/packages/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el2.rf.i386.rpm">http://apt.sw.be/packages/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el2.rf.i386.rpm</a></p>
</li>
<li> Red Hat Linux 9 / <strong>i386</strong>:
<p class="tty">rpm -Uhv <a href="http://apt.sw.be/packages/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.rh9.rf.i386.rpm">http://apt.sw.be/packages/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.rh9.rf.i386.rpm</a></p>
</li>
<li> Red Hat Linux 7.3 / <strong>i386</strong>:
<p class="tty">rpm -Uhv <a href="http://apt.sw.be/packages/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.rh7.rf.i386.rpm">http://apt.sw.be/packages/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.rh7.rf.i386.rpm</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><u><strong>Install Yum</strong></u></p>
<p>Yum is an update-tool written in python. The advantage of Yum is that it is written in Python. The disadvantage is that there are many versions of Yum, and only recent versions work with recent distributions. If you like to use a single tool across all distributions, it&#8217;s better to use <strong>Apt</strong>.</p>
<p>Yum is usually already installed if you&#8217;re running Fedora Core. In case you are using Red Hat Enterprise Linux or an older Red Hat Linux distribution. You can find Yum at: <a href="http://dag.wieers.com/packages/yum/">http://dag.wieers.com/packages/yum/</a></p>
<p>Find the package that matches your distribution, right click it, choose the option that will copy the link.  go to the command line and type:</p>
<p>rpm -Uvh [shift+Insert]</p>
<p>[shift+insert] will paste the link into your CLI then hit Enter.  This will install Yum for your distro.</p>
<p>The configuration of Yum is inside the <a href="http://dag.wieers.com/packages/rpmforge-release">rpmforge-release</a> package.  You should have already installed this from above.</p>
<p>If you&#8217;ve done that, the rest is simple. <strong>Upgrade your system</strong> by doing:</p>
<p class="tty"><code>yum update</code></p>
<p>You can <strong>add new software</strong> by typing:</p>
<p class="tty"><code>yum install &lt;name of package&gt;</code></p>
<p>Or <strong>update installed software</strong>:</p>
<p class="tty"><code>yum update &lt;name of package&gt;</code></p>
<p>Or <strong>search for software</strong> in the local repository meta-data:</p>
<p class="tty"><code>yum search &lt;keyword&gt;</code></p>
<p>Or simply <strong>list all available software</strong>:</p>
<p class="tty"><code>yum list available</code></p>
<p>From time to time you may want to save some diskspace:</p>
<p class="tty"><code>yum clean</code></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=70</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Net cat tricks</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=68</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=68#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 01 Feb 2008 01:57:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[General Hacking]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[M$ Windows]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Security]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Tools]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=68</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Few Useful Netcat Tricks
I always say that small, simple and self contained tools can often be more useful, and more feature rich than huge bloated frameworks. For example lets take legendary â€œSwiss Army Knife of Networkingâ€ - netcat. It is a single binary, which takes up about 60KB of space on your disk (give or [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span class="postbody">Few Useful Netcat Tricks</p>
<p>I always say that small, simple and self contained tools can often be more useful, and more feature rich than huge bloated frameworks. For example lets take legendary â€œSwiss Army Knife of Networkingâ€ - netcat. It is a single binary, which takes up about 60KB of space on your disk (give or take a few KB depending on where and how you compile it). What can it do?<br />
</span><span id="more-68"></span><br />
<span class="postbody"> I guess a good question is what canâ€™t it do?</p>
<p>Port Scanner</p>
<p>Netcat can be a port scanner. It does not have as many features as say nmap, but if you just want to see what ports are open on a given machine, you can simply do:</p>
<p>nc -v -w 1 localhost -z 1-3000</p>
<p>The command above will scan all the ports in the range 1-3000 on localhost.</p>
<p>File Transfer</p>
<p>Letâ€™s say you want to transfer a big zip file from machine A to machine B but neither one has FTP, and using email or IM is out of the question due to file size, or other restrictions. What do you do? You can use netcat as a makeshift file transfer software.</p>
<p>On machine B do the following, where 1337 is some unused port on which you want to send the file:</p>
<p>nc -lp 1337 &gt; file.zip</p>
<p>Assuming that the IP of machine B is 10.48.2.40 go to machine A and do:</p>
<p>nc -w 1 10.48.2.40 1337 &lt; file.zip</p>
<p>Thatâ€™s it. The file will be magically transfered over the network socket.</p>
<p>Chat Server</p>
<p>Have you even needed an improvised one-on-one chat? Netcat can do that too. You simply start listening to connections on some port like this:</p>
<p>nc -lp 1337</p>
<p>Then on another machine simply connect to that port:</p>
<p>nc 10.48.2.40 1337</p>
<p>Now start typing on either machine. When you press enter, the line will immediately show up on the other machine.</p>
<p>Telnet Server</p>
<p>Nectat can also be used to set up a telnet server in a matter of seconds. You can specify the shell (or for that matter any executable) you want netcat to run at a successful connection with the -e parameter:</p>
<p>nc -lp 1337 -e /bin/bash</p>
<p>On windows you can use:</p>
<p>nc -lp 1337 -e cmd.exe</p>
<p>Then on a client machine simply connect to port 1337 and you will get full access to the shell, with the permissions of the user who ran nc on the server.</p>
<p>Spoofing HTTP Headers</p>
<p>You can use netcat to connect to a server using completely spoofed headers. You can actually type out your user agent, referrer and etc. Itâ€™s useful when you want to generate bunch of hits that can be easily found in the logs or something like that:</p>
<p>nc google.com 80<br />
GET / HTTP/1.1<br />
Host: google.com<br />
User-Agent: NOT-YOUR-BUSINESS<br />
Referrer: YOUR-MOM.COM</p>
<p>Note that your request wonâ€™t be sent until you generate a blank line. So hit return twice when your are done typing. You will get a response of headers and HTML streaming down your screen:</p>
<p>HTTP/1.1 200 OK<br />
Cache-Control: private<br />
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1<br />
Set-Cookie: PREF=ID=79f8f28c854d90ec:TM=1186369443:LM=1186369443:S=UIiTvi68MtmbcmGl; expires=Sun, 1<br />
-Jan-2038 19:14:07 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.com<br />
Server: GWS/2.1<br />
Transfer-Encoding: chunked<br />
Date: Mon, 06 Aug 2007 03:04:03 GMT</p>
<p>738</p>
<p>I deleted the HTML that followed the response - but you get the idea. It is also a good way of looking at headers. Some sites have nice surprises there (like slashdotâ€™s X-Bender and X-Fry headers). Seriously, check them out!</p>
<p>Web Server</p>
<p>I think this is my favorite trick. Did you ever need to set up simple makeshift webserver that would serve a single page? I know I did. In the past when my web server at work melted down, I set up laptop with this simple script:</p>
<p>while true; do nc -l -p 80 -q 1 &lt; error.html; done</p>
<p>The error.html page was just a very simple error message notifying our users about the outage, and giving them an estimate of when it would be fixed. It took me 3 minutes to set up, and probably saved us many angry support calls.</p>
<p>Cloning Hard Drive Partitions Over the Network</p>
<p>This trick was submitted by Craig in the comments. On a system you want to clone do:</p>
<p>dd if=/dev/sda | nc 192.168.0.1 9000</p>
<p>Where 9000 is some random port. On the receiving side di:</p>
<p>nc -l -p 9000 | dd of=/dev/sda</p>
<p>Of course you need to have the cloned partitions unmounted on both systems. So if you are cloning / you will have to boot from a live distro like Knoppix. Note that you can use this technique to clone NTFS partitions as well - just need to use a live Linux distro on both sides. </span></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=68</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>CyberKit</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=66</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=66#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 21 Jan 2008 18:48:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[General Hacking]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[M$ Windows]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Security]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Tools]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[cyber kit]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[cyberkit]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[DBscanner]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[finger]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[net]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[net scan]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[net scanner]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[netscan]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[netscanner]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[nmap]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[nslookup]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ping]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[QoD]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[reverse lookup]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[rwhois]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[traceroute]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[tracert]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[whois]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=66</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Cyberkit is a somewhat Swiss Army knife for the IT admin and for those looking for information.Â  It implements quite a few of the different programs that are available via the *nix CLI such as NSLOOKUP, whois finger, and the more common ones such as Traceroute and ping.Â  It also does whois and rWhois lookups.Â  [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Cyberkit is a somewhat Swiss Army knife for the IT admin and for those looking for information.Â  It implements quite a few of the different programs that are available via the *nix CLI such as NSLOOKUP, whois finger, and the more common ones such as Traceroute and ping.Â  It also does whois and rWhois lookups.Â  It will allow you to change multiple settings in the various tools, such as the delay time and packet size of the ping program.</p>
<p>It has a built-in portscanner.Â  This port scanner is not very fast, however, if you&#8217;re looking to grab the headers from the services running to find out version information, this is the tool to use.Â  (I know, I know, NMAP does the same thing and is faster in most cases) Â  This just gives you a pretty little interface to look at.</p>
<p>This is definitely a tool to add to your collection.Â  Best of all, it&#8217;s FREE<a href="http://blog.kameronkenny.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/cyber25.zip" title="Cyberkit"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://blog.kameronkenny.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/cyber25.zip" title="Cyberkit">Download Cyberkit</a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=66</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Subnet Reference</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=65</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=65#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 21 Jan 2008 15:56:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Netowrking]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[network]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[network guide]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[networking]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[networking guide]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[reference]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[subnet]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[subnet guide]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[subnet network]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[subnetting]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=65</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I use this all the time to find out how many ip&#8217;s are in a subnet mask or to find the CIDR Prefix for a certain range etc&#8230;



Subnet    Mask


CIDR    Prefix


Total    IP&#8217;s


Usable    IP&#8217;s


Number    of Class C networks




255.255.255.255


/32


1


1


1/256th




255.255.255.254


/31


2


0


1/128th




255.255.255.252


/30


4


2


1/64th




255.255.255.248


/29


8


6


1/32nd




255.255.255.240


/28


16


14


1/16th




255.255.255.224


/27


32


30


1/8th




255.255.255.192


/26


64


62


1/4th




255.255.255.128


/25


128


126


1 half




255.255.255.0


/24


256


254


1




255.255.254.0


/23


512


510


2




255.255.252.0


/22


1024


1022


4




255.255.248.0


/21


2048


2046


8




255.255.240.0


/20


4096


4094


16




255.255.224.0


/19


8192


8190


32




255.255.192.0


/18


16,384


16,382


64




255.255.128.0


/17


32,768


32,766


128




255.255.0.0


/16


65,536


65,534


256




255.254.0.0


/15


131,072


131,070


512




255.252.0.0


/14


262,144


262,142


1024




255.248.0.0


/13


524,288


524,286


2048




255.240.0.0


/12


1,048,576


1,048,574


4096




255.224.0.0


/11


2,097,152


2,097,150


8192




255.192.0.0


/10


4,194,304


4,194,302


16,384




255.128.0.0


/9


8,388,608


8,388,606


32,768




255.0.0.0


/8


16,777,216


16,777,214


65,536




254.0.0.0


/7


33,554,432


33,554,430


131,072




252.0.0.0


/6


67,108,864


67,108,862


262,144




248.0.0.0


/5


134,217,728


134,217,726


1,048,576




240.0.0.0


/4


268,435,456


268,435,454


2,097,152




224.0.0.0


/3


536,870,912


536,870,910


4,194,304




192.0.0.0


/2


1,073,741,824


1,073,741,822


8,388,608




128.0.0.0


/1


2,147,483,648


2,147,483,646


16,777,216




0.0.0.0


/0


4,294,967,296


4,294,967,294


33,554,432



]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I use this all the time to find out how many ip&#8217;s are in a subnet mask or to find the CIDR Prefix for a certain range etc&#8230;</p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellpadding="0">
<thead>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<address><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">Subnet    Mask<o:p></o:p></span></strong></address>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<address><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">CIDR    Prefix<o:p></o:p></span></strong></address>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<address><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">Total    IP&#8217;s<o:p></o:p></span></strong></address>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<address><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">Usable    IP&#8217;s<o:p></o:p></span></strong></address>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<address><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">Number    of Class C networks<o:p></o:p></span></strong></address>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">255.255.255.255<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/32<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">1/256th<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">255.255.255.254<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/31<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">1/128th<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">255.255.255.252<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/30<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">1/64th<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">255.255.255.248<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/29<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">8<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">6<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">1/32nd<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">255.255.255.240<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/28<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">16<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">14<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">1/16th<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">255.255.255.224<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/27<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">32<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">30<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">1/8th<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">255.255.255.192<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/26<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">64<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">62<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">1/4th<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">255.255.255.128<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/25<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">128<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">126<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">1 half<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">255.255.255.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/24<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">256<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">254<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">255.255.254.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/23<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">512<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">510<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">255.255.252.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/22<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">1024<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">1022<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">255.255.248.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/21<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">2048<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">2046<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">8<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">255.255.240.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/20<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">4096<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">4094<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">16<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">255.255.224.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/19<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">8192<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">8190<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">32<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">255.255.192.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/18<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">16,384<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">16,382<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">64<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">255.255.128.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/17<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">32,768<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">32,766<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">128<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">255.255.0.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/16<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">65,536<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">65,534<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">256<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">255.254.0.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/15<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">131,072<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">131,070<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">512<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">255.252.0.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/14<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">262,144<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">262,142<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">1024<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">255.248.0.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/13<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">524,288<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">524,286<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">2048<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">255.240.0.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/12<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">1,048,576<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">1,048,574<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">4096<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">255.224.0.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/11<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">2,097,152<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">2,097,150<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">8192<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">255.192.0.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/10<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">4,194,304<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">4,194,302<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">16,384<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">255.128.0.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/9<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">8,388,608<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">8,388,606<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">32,768<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">255.0.0.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/8<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">16,777,216<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">16,777,214<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">65,536<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">254.0.0.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/7<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">33,554,432<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">33,554,430<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">131,072<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">252.0.0.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/6<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">67,108,864<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">67,108,862<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">262,144<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">248.0.0.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/5<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">134,217,728<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">134,217,726<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">1,048,576<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">240.0.0.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">268,435,456<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">268,435,454<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">2,097,152<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">224.0.0.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">536,870,912<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">536,870,910<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">4,194,304<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">192.0.0.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">1,073,741,824<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">1,073,741,822<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">8,388,608<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">128.0.0.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">2,147,483,648<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">2,147,483,646<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">16,777,216<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">0.0.0.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">/0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">4,294,967,296<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">4,294,967,294<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">33,554,432<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=65</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Setting up sendmail to only accept connections from your spam firewall</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=64</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=64#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 15 Jan 2008 18:02:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Spam Filtering]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=64</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[You&#8217;ve got your spam firewall but you&#8217;ve noticed that some spam is still getting through even though it contains keywords that you know are blocked.  This is caused by a spammer not using your MX record, but sending directly to your mail server.  This means the spammers email didn&#8217;t even touch your spam [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>You&#8217;ve got your spam firewall but you&#8217;ve noticed that some spam is still getting through even though it contains keywords that you know are blocked.  This is caused by a spammer not using your MX record, but sending directly to your mail server.  This means the spammers email didn&#8217;t even touch your spam firewall.  After many hours of research and trial and error, I have finally come up with a way to make your sendmail only accept email if it was sent through your spam firewall.  We are going to use a feature of sendmail that uses an access database (not a Microsoft access database, but an access control database) to determine who can send to your server.  This isn&#8217;t <em>firewalling </em>port 25 like you may think.  Your email users will still be able to authenticate and send via port 25, your server just won&#8217;t accept incoming mail to port 25 that&#8217;s not from your spam firewall.<span id="more-64"></span></p>
<p>First off, an excerpt from <a href="http://www.sendmail.org/m4/anti_spam.html#access_db" target="_blank">sendmail&#8217;s README file</a>:</p>
<p><em> An &#8220;<em>access</em>&#8221; database can be created to accept or reject mail from selected domains.  For example, you may choose to reject all mail originating from known spammers.  To enable such a database, use </em></p>
<p><em><kbd> 	FEATURE(`<a href="http://www.sendmail.org/m4/features.html#access_db">access_db</a>&#8216;) </kbd></em> <em><strong>Notice</strong>: the access database is applied to the <em>envelope</em> addresses and the connection information, not to the header. </em></p>
<p><em> The <a href="http://www.sendmail.org/m4/features.html">FEATURE</a> macro can accept as second parameter the key file definition for the database; for example </em></p>
<p><em><kbd> 	FEATURE(`access_db', `hash -T&lt;TMPF&gt; /etc/mail/access_map') </kbd></em> <em><strong>Notice</strong>: If a second argument is specified it must contain the option `-T&lt;TMPF&gt;&#8217; as shown above.  The optional third and fourth parameters may be `skip&#8217; or `lookupdotdomain&#8217;.  The former enables SKIP as value part (see below), the latter is another way to enable the feature of the same name.</em></p>
<p><em> The table itself uses e-mail addresses, domain names, and network numbers as keys.  Note that IPv6 addresses must be prefaced with &#8220;IPv6:&#8221;. For example, </em></p>
<pre><em>spammer@aol.com			REJECT</em><em>

</em><em>cyberspammer.com		REJECT</em><em>

</em><em>TLD				REJECT</em>

<em>

</em><em>192.168.212			REJECT</em>

<em>

</em><em>IPv6:2002:c0a8:02c7		RELAY</em>

<em>

</em><em>IPv6:2002:c0a8:51d2::23f4	REJECT</em></pre>
<p><em> would refuse mail from <em>spammer@aol.com</em>, any user from <em>cyberspammer.com</em> (or any host within the <em>cyberspammer.com</em> domain), any host in the entire top level domain <em>TLD</em>, <em>192.168.212.*</em> network, and the IPv6 address <em>2002:c0a8:51d2::23f4</em>.  It would allow relay for the IPv6 network <em>2002:c0a8:02c7::/48</em>. </em></p>
<p><em> The value part of the map can contain: </em></p>
<table summary="access map rules">
<tr>
<td width="40%"><em>OK</em></td>
<td><em>Accept mail even if other rules in the running ruleset would reject it, for example, if the domain name is unresolvable.  &#8220;<em>Accept</em>&#8221; does not mean &#8220;<em>relay</em>&#8220;, but at most acceptance for local recipients.  That is, OK allows less than RELAY.</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><em>RELAY</em></td>
<td><em>Accept mail addressed to the indicated domain or received from the indicated domain for relaying through your <acronym>SMTP</acronym> server.  RELAY also serves as an implicit OK for the other checks.</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><em>REJECT</em></td>
<td><em>Reject the sender or recipient with a general purpose message.</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><em>DISCARD</em></td>
<td><em>Discard the message completely using the <em>$#discard mailer</em>.  If it is used in <em>check_compat</em>, it affects only the designated recipient, not the whole message as it does in all other cases. <strong>This should only be used if really necessary</strong>. </em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><em>SKIP</em></td>
<td><em>This can only be used for host/domain names and IP addresses/nets. It will abort the current search for this entry without accepting or rejecting it but causing the default action.</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><em><em>###</em> any text</em></td>
<td><em>where <em>###</em> is an <a href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc821.txt" class="offsite">RFC 821</a> compliant error code and &#8220;<em>any text</em>&#8221; is a message to return for the command. The string should be quoted to avoid surprises, e.g., <em class="tm">sendmail</em> may remove spaces otherwise. This type is <strong>deprecated</strong>, use one the two ERROR:  entries below instead.</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><em>ERROR:<em>###</em> any text</em></td>
<td><em>as above, but useful to mark error messages as such.</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><em>ERROR:<em>D.S.N</em>:<em>###</em> any text</em></td>
<td><em>where <em>D.S.N</em> is an <a href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1893.txt" class="offsite">RFC 1893</a> compliant error code and the rest as above.</em></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><em> For example: </em></p>
<pre><em>cyberspammer.com	ERROR:"550 We don't accept mail from spammers"</em><em>

</em><em>okay.cyberspammer.com	OK</em><em>

</em><em>sendmail.org		RELAY</em>

<em>

</em><em>128.32			RELAY</em>

<em>

</em><em>IPv6:1:2:3:4:5:6:7	RELAY</em>

<em>

</em><em>[127.0.0.3]		OK</em>

<em>

</em><em>[IPv6:1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8]	OK</em></pre>
<p><em> would accept mail from <em>okay.cyberspammer.com</em>, but would reject mail from all other hosts at <em>cyberspammer.com</em> with the indicated message.  It would allow relaying mail from and to any hosts in the <em>sendmail.org</em> domain, and allow relaying from the <em>128.32.*.*</em> network and the IPv6 <em>1:2:3:4:5:6:7:*</em> network.  The latter two entries are for checks against <var>${client_name}</var> if the IP address doesn&#8217;t resolve to a hostname (or is considered as &#8220;<em>may be forged</em>&#8220;).  That is, using square brackets means these are host names, not network numbers.</em></p>
<p>With that said, we will move forward with setting up the access file.  Since we are wanting to control access to only allow our spam firewall to send mail to our server, we will do this based on IP address instead of domain names or email addresses.</p>
<p>First, lets make a backup of the access files.</p>
<p>Do: <code>cp -rv /etc/mail/access /etc/mail/access.bak</code></p>
<p>and: <code>cp -rv /etc/mail/access.db /etc/mail/access.db.bak</code></p>
<p>Now lets open our access file.</p>
<p>Do: <code>vi /etc/mail/access</code></p>
<p>This will open your access file in VI.</p>
<p>Right now your file probably looks a little bit like this:</p>
<p><code># Check the /usr/share/doc/sendmail/README.cf file for a description<br />
# of the format of this file. (search for access_db in that file)<br />
# The /usr/share/doc/sendmail/README.cf is part of the sendmail-doc<br />
# package.<br />
#<br />
# by default we allow relaying from localhost...<br />
localhost.localdomain           RELAY<br />
localhost                       RELAY<br />
127.0.0.1                       RELAY</code></p>
<p>We will first allow access from our spam firewall, so add:<br />
<code># Allow spam firewall to send mail:<br />
spamfirewall.domainname.com RELAY</code></p>
<p>If you haven&#8217;t assigned a DNS name to your spam firewall, simply replace <em>spamfirewall.domainname.com</em> with it&#8217;s respective IP address.</p>
<p>We will be using an error code so that we will be able to identify the spammers. I am going to give it error code 551 so I can grep it out later in the maillog.</p>
<p>The access file uses wildcards.  If you wanted to block the entire class c of 75.75.46.23 you would do:<br />
<code>75.75.46      ERROR:"551 We do not accept mail sent directly to our servers.  You must use the valid MX record of the domain that you are sending to."</code></p>
<p>With that said, you can see that we can block BIG ranges very easily.  The error message will be sent back to the spammer explaining why their email got blocked.</p>
<p>Now, lets block some BIG ranges&#8230; Add the following at the bottom of the access file.<br />
<code>#Start the BlackListing<br />
1      ERROR:"551 We do not accept mail sent directly to our servers.  You must use the valid MX record of the domain that you are sending to."<br />
2      ERROR:"551 We do not accept mail sent directly to our servers.  You must use the valid MX record of the domain that you are sending to."<br />
3      ERROR:"551 We do not accept mail sent directly to our servers.  You must use the valid MX record of the domain that you are sending to."<br />
4      ERROR:"551 We do not accept mail sent directly to our servers.  You must use the valid MX record of the domain that you are sending to."<br />
5      ERROR:"551 We do not accept mail sent directly to our servers.  You must use the valid MX record of the domain that you are sending to."<br />
6      ERROR:"551 We do not accept mail sent directly to our servers.  You must use the valid MX record of the domain that you are sending to."<br />
7      ERROR:"551 We do not accept mail sent directly to our servers.  You must use the valid MX record of the domain that you are sending to."<br />
8      ERROR:"551 We do not accept mail sent directly to our servers.  You must use the valid MX record of the domain that you are sending to."<br />
9      ERROR:"551 We do not accept mail sent directly to our servers.  You must use the valid MX record of the domain that you are sending to."<br />
</code></p>
<p>The <em>1 </em>above will block anything coming from an address starting with 1.  This includes 1.2.3.4, 10.2.4.245, 124.9.10.44. It also includes 127.0.0.1 and 192.168.*.*.  So MAKE SURE that you have put any IP&#8217;s in that need to relay mail directly to your server as described above when putting the spam firewall address in. Also MAKE SURE you don&#8217;t remove the local IP, if the local IP is not there, put it there!</p>
<p>Now exit vi, saving the file (Shift+ZZ)</p>
<p>Now do:<br />
<code>makemap hash /etc/mail/access &lt; /etc/mail/access</code></p>
<p>Don&#8217;t do: <code>makemap hash /etc/mail/access &lt; /etc/mail/access.db</code> or <code>makemap hash /etc/mail/access.db &lt; /etc/mail/access<br />
</code></p>
<p><code>makemap hash /etc/mail/access &lt; /etc/mail/access</code> Will generate the file for you.</p>
<p>If you get any errors, do:<code>rm -rfv /etc/mail/access.db</code> then: <code>makemap hash /etc/mail/access &lt; /etc/mail/access</code><br />
BEFORE YOU PULL AN <code>rm -rfv</code> MAKE SURE YOU&#8217;VE BACKED UP THE FILE!!!</p>
<p>After that do <code>service sendmail restart</code></p>
<p>Then watch the messages get bounced!<br />
<code>tail -fn100 /var/log/maillog | grep 551</code></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=64</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Spam Keywords</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=63</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=63#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 15 Jan 2008 17:07:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Spam Filtering]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[barracuda]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[cuda]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[keywords]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[spam]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[spam firewall]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[spam keywords]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[spam words]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[words]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=63</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Here is my list of subject and body keywords that i use in my Barracuda spam firewall.  These signatures contain barracuda specific characters, such as a &#8216;.&#8217; is a wild card for a single character and a &#8216;*&#8217; is a wild card for multiple characters.  If you don&#8217;t use a cuda, you will [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Here is my list of subject and body keywords that i use in my Barracuda spam firewall.  These signatures contain barracuda specific characters, such as a &#8216;.&#8217; is a wild card for a single character and a &#8216;*&#8217; is a wild card for multiple characters.  If you don&#8217;t use a cuda, you will want to check if your device uses the same characters for wild cards, if it doesn&#8217;t you will want to remove those keywords.</p>
<p><strong><font color="#ff0000">  WARNING:  This list contains words that may be offensive to some.  If you are easily offended or are around someone that may be offended by foul language, don&#8217;t read on!</font></strong><span id="more-63"></span><u></u></p>
<p><u><strong>Subject Blocking:</strong></u></p>
<p>&#8216;hair, hair&#8217;<br />
1 dick<br />
100\% off<br />
100\% satisfied<br />
10\% off<br />
15\% off<br />
18\+<br />
2 chicks<br />
20 mg<br />
20 Tabs<br />
20\% off<br />
20\% off<br />
25\% off<br />
30\% off<br />
4 night luxury<br />
40\% off<br />
50\% off<br />
5\% off<br />
60\% off<br />
70\% off<br />
75\% off<br />
80\% off<br />
85\% off<br />
90\% off<br />
95\% off<br />
\$250\,000 policy for<br />
\$\$<br />
\bc.ck\b<br />
\bc.mplementary w.tch\b<br />
\bceleb\b<br />
\bcialis\b<br />
\bcock\b<br />
\bcocks\b<br />
\bcum\b<br />
\berect\b<br />
\berectile\b<br />
\bf.ckers\b<br />
\bhorny\b<br />
\bsex\b<br />
\btwat\b<br />
a  nice game<br />
a funny game<br />
a g i n g<br />
a new game<br />
a nice game<br />
ababa<br />
accepting credit cards<br />
acne<br />
acr0bat<br />
acro6at<br />
ad0be<br />
add length<br />
adipex<br />
ado6e<br />
adu kojo<br />
adult en<br />
adult material<br />
adult s<br />
adult site<br />
adult video<br />
adult videos<br />
adults only<br />
advertisement<br />
affordable health care<br />
affordable healthcare<br />
agboola<br />
age reversal<br />
alimentarios<br />
allÂ­natural ingredients<br />
alprazolam<br />
already approved<br />
already wealthy<br />
amazing new discovery<br />
amazing pranks<br />
an excite game<br />
and you&#8217;ll save<br />
Angola<br />
antigen antivirus found virus<br />
antivirus report<br />
antiÂ­virus scanner has deleted<br />
anything about anyoneÂ­<br />
approved medication<br />
approved medications<br />
are so cheap here<br />
are you an inventor<br />
are you single<br />
ariset<br />
artprice<br />
as seen on national television<br />
as seen on tv<br />
ass fisting<br />
ass fuck<br />
ass fucked<br />
ass fucking<br />
ass parade<br />
ass picture*<br />
ass traffic<br />
assfuck<br />
assfucked<br />
assfucking<br />
at the pump<br />
attachment block message notification<br />
attachment removed<br />
attract any woman<br />
auto loan<br />
auto loans<br />
auto warranty<br />
autorizascisn<br />
babes<br />
Back Pain Relief Guide<br />
bad credit<br />
banned CD<br />
be 18<br />
bedroom satisfaction<br />
best discount offers<br />
best motorola deal<br />
best prices<br />
best rate<br />
bestial<br />
better life security<br />
big dick<br />
big dicks<br />
big savings<br />
bigger guys<br />
bigger than big<br />
biggest dick<br />
biggest dicks<br />
bikini ass<br />
bikini line<br />
biscom<br />
bitch<br />
black ass<br />
black dick<br />
black worm<br />
bleeding gums<br />
blind date<br />
bloomingdales<br />
blow your load<br />
boobs<br />
bottles of fine wine<br />
breasts<br />
burn fat<br />
buspar<br />
butalbital<br />
buy or sell a home<br />
buy this stock<br />
c0ck<br />
c\(\)ck<br />
can afford<br />
cannabis<br />
cards accepted<br />
carisoprodol<br />
cash assistance is available<br />
cash for you<br />
cash now<br />
celeb* ass<br />
celebrities exposed<br />
celexa<br />
chineese hand made<br />
chineese hand-made<br />
chineese handmade<br />
chinese hand made<br />
chinese hand-made<br />
chinese handmade<br />
cialagen<br />
cigarette brand<br />
cigarette survey<br />
classic winter coats<br />
clear skin<br />
click here<br />
click to play video<br />
click4drugs<br />
coed<br />
coeds<br />
collect money judgments<br />
college girls<br />
coocks<br />
copy any DVD movie<br />
copy any movie<br />
copy DVD<br />
credit check<br />
credit profile<br />
credit rating<br />
credit repair<br />
credit report<br />
critical patch<br />
critical upgrade<br />
cumming<br />
cumulative patch<br />
cunt<br />
curn<br />
current Microsoft critical patch<br />
current Microsoft update<br />
current upgrade<br />
cyberturf<br />
d1scounts<br />
d\*e\*b\*t<br />
D_V_D<br />
de bt<br />
dear future millionaire<br />
debt consolidation<br />
debt free<br />
debt help<br />
debt relief<br />
degree in<br />
departures from<br />
designer sunglasses<br />
deÂ­scramble<br />
didrex<br />
diet pills<br />
direct marketing<br />
directtv<br />
directv<br />
discontinue the receipt of emails<br />
dlbDirect<br />
do not delete this<br />
doctor has prescribed<br />
document_all.pif<br />
dollar coin<br />
dollar store<br />
dong<br />
dont look any further<br />
dosage<br />
doubleclick.com<br />
dream date<br />
dream vacation<br />
drugs cost less<br />
dvd backup<br />
dx1<br />
earn a college degree<br />
earn a degree<br />
earn big<br />
earn money<br />
earn up to<br />
earn your college degree<br />
earn your degree<br />
earning potential<br />
easy money<br />
eat dick*<br />
ebay tricks<br />
ejactulation<br />
ejaculation<br />
eliminate your debt<br />
em\@il<br />
email not allowed<br />
enter to win<br />
erection<br />
erotic<br />
erotic<br />
error announcement<br />
error letter<br />
everyone approved<br />
exciting offer<br />
exclusive gift<br />
explore the lighter side<br />
exquisite replica<br />
extended auto warranty<br />
extra income<br />
eÂ­gift<br />
f\_r<br />
f\_r\_e\_e<br />
failed to clean virus<br />
fall fashions<br />
familynewcomer<br />
fantastic business<br />
fat ass<br />
fat burning<br />
feel better<br />
feel great<br />
feel young<br />
feel younger<br />
file blocking warning<br />
financial future<br />
financial independence<br />
fioricet<br />
fly anywhere southwest flies<br />
FordDirect<br />
foreclosed<br />
foreclosure<br />
foreclosures<br />
forex<br />
forget this address<br />
found my match<br />
fountain of youth<br />
four reports<br />
franc muller<br />
franck muller<br />
frank muller<br />
freak\|est<br />
free business cards<br />
free cable<br />
free DVD movies<br />
free gas<br />
free gift<br />
free installation<br />
free iq test<br />
free money<br />
free movies<br />
free of debt<br />
free pager<br />
free phone<br />
free phones<br />
free pos software<br />
free roadside assistance<br />
free software<br />
freemegavideo<br />
fresh girls<br />
fu\=cked<br />
fuck<br />
fuck ass<br />
fuck that ass<br />
fucking<br />
fucking ass<br />
fukking<br />
funny game<br />
fuÂ­ck<br />
fuÂ­cks<br />
fwee<br />
gambling*<br />
gamesofvegas<br />
gay dick<br />
genealogy helper<br />
genuine newÂ­yorker<br />
get a career<br />
get a degree<br />
get away<br />
get cash now<br />
get new mailing lists<br />
get out of debt<br />
get paid to take surveys<br />
get published<br />
get relief<br />
get rid of<br />
Get the new<br />
get your dish free<br />
gimmicks<br />
girl dick<br />
girls dick<br />
give her something<br />
gobbling<br />
gold double eagle<br />
gourmet coffee<br />
government grants<br />
great credit card<br />
great deals network*<br />
great jewlery<br />
great savings<br />
h_orny<br />
hair removal<br />
hammer is simply*<br />
hard core<br />
hardc0re*<br />
hardcore<br />
have a marvellous night<br />
have heartburn<br />
health at risk<br />
health insurance<br />
herba*<br />
herbal<br />
herbalists*<br />
herbs<br />
here is your chance<br />
high interest<br />
hiÂ­speed media*<br />
hochulexus<br />
hockey<br />
hola<br />
holiday fun<br />
holiday sale<br />
hollyvalance<br />
home based business<br />
home bleaching kit*<br />
home business<br />
home document imaging<br />
home employment directory*<br />
home interest rates*<br />
home is worth<br />
homeworkers<br />
homeÂ­based business<br />
honeymoon<br />
hot ass<br />
hot cock<br />
hot cocks<br />
hot dick<br />
hot dicks<br />
hot international opportunity*<br />
hot ladies<br />
hot married women*<br />
hot moms<br />
hot mother<br />
hot stock<br />
hot teens*<br />
hot woman<br />
hot women<br />
hotel ski sale<br />
housewives<br />
how smart are you<br />
HPSC\&#8217;s antivirus\/content filter<br />
huge dick<br />
huge dicks<br />
huge discount<br />
hulk watch<br />
human growth hormone*<br />
inheritance funds<br />
ink sale<br />
jack dick<br />
juicy ass<br />
lesbian*<br />
m4m ass<br />
medication* at low cost<br />
Medications at a Discount<br />
milk dick<br />
milk that dick<br />
money back<br />
money-back guarantee<br />
mortgage<br />
movie challenge<br />
nasonex<br />
new cell phone*<br />
nfsautoloan<br />
nice ass<br />
no obligation<br />
one dick<br />
ONLINE JOB APPLICATION<br />
order now\!<br />
order today<br />
orgasm<br />
over 18<br />
over 21<br />
paginate<br />
pantyhose<br />
peculare<br />
penis<br />
perfect ass<br />
phentermine<br />
porevo<br />
print coupons<br />
prozac<br />
pump ass<br />
pump that ass<br />
pussies<br />
pussy<br />
quality medication*<br />
r.pl.c. w.tch.s<br />
reduce debt<br />
refinance<br />
retrieve your might<br />
ringtone<br />
ringtones<br />
room makeover<br />
round ass<br />
secret shopper<br />
sexier<br />
sexiest<br />
sexy<br />
sexy ass<br />
sexyer<br />
shop kate&#8217;s<br />
shop online<br />
show it all<br />
special internet prices for medications<br />
sperm<br />
stand in as next of kin<br />
straponclub<br />
suck dick*<br />
sucking dick<br />
super sale<br />
sweet ass<br />
tag heuer<br />
test and keep<br />
thick ass<br />
thong ass<br />
tight ass<br />
toe nail fung*<br />
toe nale fun*<br />
toe-nail fung*<br />
toe-nale fung*<br />
toenail fung*<br />
toenale fung*<br />
tramadol<br />
twats<br />
two chicks<br />
ultram<br />
unbeatable prices<br />
viagra<br />
watch it fall off<br />
whore<br />
with your girl<br />
xanax<br />
xxx<br />
yasamohuel<br />
yigan999<br />
Your over due<br />
zyban</p>
<p><u><strong>Subject Quarantine:</strong></u></p>
<p>/bpill/b<br />
/bpills/b<br />
big and bad<br />
bigger size<br />
blackjack<br />
breaking the habit<br />
breath tester<br />
breathalyzer<br />
casino<br />
citibank<br />
dental coverage<br />
diet<br />
diplomas<br />
don&#8217;t be shy<br />
drugs<br />
escorts<br />
estimado<br />
estrada<br />
every business needs<br />
exciting new<br />
financing<br />
find out more information<br />
first million<br />
fixed rate<br />
free sample<br />
free shipping<br />
free website hosting<br />
fresh roasted<br />
gambling<br />
girlfriend*<br />
gold and silver<br />
good deal\!<br />
great price<br />
great stock<br />
holdem<br />
homeloan<br />
homeowner*<br />
hot wheels<br />
hottest<br />
lengthen<br />
poker<br />
prequalify<br />
university</p>
<p><u><strong>Body Blocking</strong></u></p>
<p>&#8216;hair, hair&#8217;<br />
0086-20-39757427<br />
0086-20-39757427<br />
100\% satisfied<br />
171 Shaukiwan Road<br />
18\+<br />
20 mg<br />
20 Tabs<br />
27-73-926-1407<br />
72 New Bond Streets<br />
90 Tabs<br />
\$500 to spend<br />
\$\$<br />
\bc.mplementary w.tch\b<br />
\bceleb\b<br />
\bcialis\b<br />
\bcock\b<br />
\bcocks\b<br />
\bcum\b<br />
\bf.ckers\b<br />
\bhorny\b<br />
\bp.nis\b<br />
\bpe.is\b<br />
\bpen.s\b<br />
\bpeni.\b<br />
a  nice game<br />
a funny game<br />
a g i n g<br />
a new game<br />
a nice game<br />
ababa<br />
accepting credit cards<br />
Access Medications<br />
act as the relative<br />
add length<br />
adipex<br />
adknowledge<br />
adu kojo<br />
adult en<br />
adult material<br />
adult s<br />
adult site<br />
adult video<br />
adult videos<br />
adults only<br />
affordable health care<br />
affordable healthcare<br />
agboola<br />
age reversal<br />
alimentarios<br />
allÂ­natural ingredients<br />
alprazolam<br />
already approved<br />
already wealthy<br />
amazing new discovery<br />
amazing pranks<br />
Amount Won<br />
an excite game<br />
and you&#8217;ll save<br />
Anti-corruption Bill passed in Hong Kong<br />
antigen antivirus found virus<br />
antivirus report<br />
antiÂ­virus scanner has deleted<br />
anything about anyoneÂ­<br />
appealingtrafficpublicity<br />
approved medication<br />
approved medications<br />
are you an inventor<br />
are you single<br />
ariset<br />
artprice<br />
as seen on national television<br />
as seen on tv<br />
at the pump<br />
attachment block message notification<br />
attachment removed<br />
auto loan<br />
auto loans<br />
auto warranty<br />
autorizascisn<br />
Award Promo<br />
aweber<br />
babes<br />
Back Pain Relief Guide<br />
bad credit<br />
baiyun<br />
banned CD<br />
be 18<br />
bedroom satisfaction<br />
Been told by your doctor<br />
best discount offers<br />
best motorola deal<br />
best prices<br />
best rate<br />
bestial<br />
better life security<br />
big cock<br />
big savings<br />
bigger guys<br />
bigger than big<br />
bikini line<br />
biscom<br />
bitch<br />
black worm<br />
bleeding gums<br />
Bloomingdales<br />
blow your load<br />
Bonanza<br />
boobs<br />
bowlinblue98<br />
breasts<br />
brylanehome<br />
burn fat<br />
buspar<br />
butalbital<br />
buy or sell a home<br />
buy this stock<br />
c0ck<br />
c\(\)ck<br />
cannabis<br />
cards accepted<br />
carisoprodol<br />
celebrities exposed<br />
celexa<br />
cialagen<br />
cigarette brand<br />
Cipo<br />
claim this fund<br />
claiming to be your true representative<br />
clear skin<br />
click to play video<br />
click4drugs<br />
collect money judgments<br />
college girls<br />
Complete qualified sponsor offer<br />
complete the participation<br />
coocks<br />
copy any DVD movie<br />
copy any movie<br />
copy DVD<br />
couponsinc<br />
credit profile<br />
credit rating<br />
credit repair<br />
critical patch<br />
critical upgrade<br />
cumming<br />
cumulative patch<br />
cunt<br />
curn<br />
current Microsoft critical patch<br />
current Microsoft update<br />
current upgrade<br />
cyberturf<br />
d1scounts<br />
d\*e\*b\*t<br />
D_V_D<br />
dark meat<br />
de bt<br />
dear future millionaire<br />
dear sir*madam<br />
Dear Sirs or Madams<br />
debt consolidation<br />
debt free<br />
debt help<br />
debt relief<br />
degree in<br />
designer sunglasses<br />
deÂ­scramble<br />
di-ve\.com<br />
didrex<br />
diet pills<br />
direct marketing<br />
directtv<br />
directv<br />
discontinue the receipt of emails<br />
dlbDirect<br />
do not delete this<br />
doctor has prescribed<br />
document_all.pif<br />
dollar coin<br />
dollar store<br />
dong<br />
dosage<br />
doubleclick.com<br />
Dr\. Richard Allen<br />
dream date<br />
dream vacation<br />
Drew the Lucky Numbers<br />
drugs cost less<br />
dvd backup<br />
dx1<br />
earn a college degree<br />
earn a degree<br />
earn big<br />
earn up to<br />
earning potential<br />
ebay tricks<br />
ejactulation<br />
ejaculation<br />
eliminate your debt<br />
em\@il<br />
email not allowed<br />
erection<br />
erotic<br />
error announcement<br />
error letter<br />
everyone approved<br />
exciting offer<br />
explore the lighter side<br />
extended auto warranty<br />
eÂ­gift<br />
F ree<br />
f\_r<br />
f\_r\_e\_e<br />
failed to clean virus<br />
familynewcomer<br />
fat burning<br />
feel better<br />
Fight back against creditors<br />
file blocking warning<br />
fioricet<br />
Follow redemption Instructions<br />
FordDirect<br />
foreign inheritance<br />
forex<br />
freak\|est<br />
free business cards<br />
free cable<br />
free DVD movies<br />
free gas<br />
free gift<br />
free installation<br />
free iq test<br />
free money<br />
free movies<br />
free of debt<br />
free pager<br />
free phone<br />
free phones<br />
free software<br />
freemegavideo<br />
fresh girls<br />
fwee<br />
gambling*<br />
gamesofvegas<br />
genealogy helper<br />
genuine newÂ­yorker<br />
get a career<br />
get a degree<br />
get cash now<br />
get coupons<br />
get lasting relief<br />
get out of debt<br />
get paid to take surveys<br />
get relief<br />
get rid of<br />
get your dish free<br />
Get Your Gift Card Here<br />
Get Your GiftCard Here<br />
gift fulfillment<br />
gimmicks<br />
gobbling<br />
gold double eagle<br />
Gone in Just Days<br />
gourmet coffee<br />
government grants<br />
great credit card<br />
great deals network*<br />
great jewlery<br />
great savings<br />
Guangzhou<br />
h_orny<br />
hair removal<br />
hammer is simply*<br />
Hang Seng Bank Ltd<br />
hard core<br />
hardc0re*<br />
hardcore<br />
have heartburn<br />
Healing Miracles<br />
health at risk<br />
health insurance<br />
helping me receive a large amount of money<br />
herba*<br />
herbal<br />
herbalists*<br />
herbs<br />
Here are her information&#8217;s for you to confirm<br />
here is your chance<br />
high interest<br />
hochulexus<br />
holiday fun<br />
holiday sale<br />
hollyvalance<br />
home based business<br />
home bleaching kit*<br />
home business<br />
home document imaging<br />
home employment directory*<br />
home interest rates*<br />
home is worth<br />
homeworkers<br />
homeÂ­based business<br />
hot international opportunity*<br />
hot ladies<br />
hot married women*<br />
hot moms<br />
hot mother<br />
hot stock<br />
hot teens*<br />
housewives<br />
how smart are you<br />
HPSC\&#8217;s antivirus\/content filter<br />
http\:\/\/net-ali-rxorder\.net<br />
http\:\/\/netrxor-uxa-der\.net<br />
http\:\/\/www\.rxset\.com<br />
huge discount<br />
hulk watch<br />
human growth hormone*<br />
I have an obscured business suggestion for you<br />
i live and work here in United Kingdom<br />
I lost * lbs last week<br />
inheritance funds<br />
international remittance<br />
invest in any foreign land<br />
jiangxia<br />
jopers<br />
Keep more of what you earn each month<br />
Keep what you earn<br />
Kenya<br />
lastoneform<br />
learn about the real cause<br />
longing for better life<br />
matter of urgency if this woman is from you<br />
Medications at a Discount<br />
MegaDik<br />
Ming Yang<br />
mingy325@yahoo.com.hk<br />
money in Hong Kong<br />
money-saving coupons<br />
myway\.com<br />
nasonex<br />
National lottery<br />
NATIONAL LOTTERY PTY<br />
Nelson Mandela Way<br />
new cell phone*<br />
newadobedeals<br />
nfsautoloan<br />
Nigeria<br />
nlma<br />
no obligation<br />
online book-keeper<br />
order now\!<br />
order today<br />
orgasm<br />
over 18<br />
over 21<br />
over due inheritance<br />
own any huge amount of money<br />
p a i d    a d v e r t i s e m e n t<br />
paginate<br />
Participate in the survey<br />
penis<br />
pharmstoregone<br />
phentermine<br />
pinnsupport<br />
porevo<br />
Prize attached is<br />
prozac<br />
QianDu<br />
reduce debt<br />
refinance<br />
remit this money into your account<br />
rewards program<br />
rgpamer<br />
richallen101\@sbcglobal\.net<br />
ringtone<br />
ringtones<br />
rxset<br />
rybber<br />
Sai Wan Ho Branch<br />
secret shoppers<br />
SecureWebDeals<br />
secureworksmessagecenter<br />
sex<br />
simplytraditions<br />
solidwebdeals<br />
speakgas<br />
special internet prices for medications<br />
Speed Lotto<br />
sperm<br />
stand in as the beneficiary<br />
straponclub<br />
stride rite<br />
Stride Rite Children.s Group<br />
striderite<br />
surgery is the only option<br />
Taffeta Fabric<br />
telecoms interception in Hong Kong<br />
The Best Prices on the WEB<br />
TheBigRewardCenter<br />
this is an advertisement<br />
tramadol<br />
ultram<br />
Vantage Media<br />
viagra<br />
Vibe Ring<br />
vylkeit<br />
we advice all winners<br />
without dangerous medications<br />
Would you like to work online<br />
xanax<br />
xxx<br />
yasamohuel<br />
yigan999<br />
You are requested to fill and send this information&#8217;s<br />
Your email address has emerged<br />
Your over due inheritance funds<br />
Your previous prescription<br />
zixmail<br />
zyban</p>
<p><u><strong>Body Quarantine:</strong></u></p>
<p>can afford<br />
fountain of youth<br />
four reports<br />
fu\=cked<br />
fucking<br />
fukking<br />
funny game<br />
fuÂ­ck<br />
fuÂ­cks<br />
give her something<br />
hiÂ­speed media*<br />
in the money</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=63</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>View, Edit, and Export Outlook&#8217;s Autocomplete database</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=61</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=61#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 20 Dec 2007 17:32:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[M$ Windows]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Tools]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[2000]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[2003]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[2007]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[address book]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[addresses]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[auto-complete]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[export]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[import]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Outlook]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[XP]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=61</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[As you know with Outlook, when you start typing an address in the &#8220;To&#8221; field, if you&#8217;ve sent them an email before it will begin to suggest addresses for you to choose from.  That data, however is stored in a file that is unreadable by just opening the file.  There is a program [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>As you know with Outlook, when you start typing an address in the &#8220;To&#8221; field, if you&#8217;ve sent them an email before it will begin to suggest addresses for you to choose from.  That data, however is stored in a file that is unreadable by just opening the file.  There is a program called NK2.info that will read the file and give you a list of the addresses in your auto-complete database.  Once the file is open in NK2.info, you can add addresses, edit addresses(for those that have incorrectly typed in an address and keep getting that wrong address popping up), remove addresses and clear the file.  The best part of it is that you can export to CSV (Comma separated values) or TSV (Tabbed separated values) for importing back into your address book if the entries aren&#8217;t already there.<span id="more-61"></span></p>
<p>How to do it:</p>
<p>First you need to download <a href="http://blog.kameronkenny.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/nk2info.exe" title="NK2.info">NK2.info</a></p>
<p>Then run NK2.info, if the file isn&#8217;t already loaded, click the browse icon.Â  It should open to the folder where the file is stored, if not look and see if there isÂ  an <em>Outlook</em> folder.Â  If so, double click it and choose the Outlook.nk2 file and open it.</p>
<p>It&#8217;s pretty self explanitory from there.Â  if you want to export the file for importing into your Outlook address book.Â  at the bottom note the path it says it&#8217;s going to save it to, or change it if you&#8217;d like.Â  It should save to your <em>My Documents </em>folder by default.Â  Choose weather you want to save as CSV(this is the option I chose) or TSV.Â  Then click export.</p>
<p>Now go to your Outlook Client.Â  I would create a new address folder.Â  Go to your address book.Â  Right-click on your current address book on the top left and choose <em>New Folder</em>.Â  Name it whatever you like, I named it <em>Imports</em>.Â  Now click File -&gt; Import and Export.Â  This brings up a new window.Â  Choose import from another program or file and click next.Â  If you chose to export to a CSV file choose <em>Comma separated values (windows)</em> and click Next.Â  If you chose to export to a TSV choose <em>Tab seperated values(windows) </em>and click next.Â  Now click the browse button, go to where the file is saved and open it.Â  Then click next.Â  Now you will select the folder you created that I called imports and click next.Â  On the next window maker sure the box next to &#8220;<em>import &#8220;*&#8221;</em> <em>into folder: imports</em> is checked, then choose finish.</p>
<p>After that, you can edit your addresses, add names, phone numbers or whatever then drag them over to your contacts list when you&#8217;re finished.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=61</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Linksys WAG200G Information Disclosure</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=60</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=60#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 18 Dec 2007 17:54:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[General Hacking]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Security]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Wireless Auditing &amp; Security]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[hack]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Information Disclosure]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[linksys]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[linksys hacking]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[SSID]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Wireless Hacking]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[WPA Hacking]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=60</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Summary
The Linksys WAG200G ADSL modem/router has been found to return sensitive information to anyone sending it a packet to its UDP port 916, this information includes the PPPoA username and password.
Credit:
The information has been provided by Daninl Niggebrugge.
Details
By sending a packet to UDP port 916, the Linksys answers with the following information:
* Product model
* Password [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span style="color: #ff0000; text-decoration: underline">Summary</span><br />
The Linksys WAG200G ADSL modem/router has been found to return sensitive information to anyone sending it a packet to its UDP port 916, this information includes the PPPoA username and password.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #ff0000">Credit</span><span style="color: #ff0000">:</span><br />
The information has been provided by Daninl Niggebrugge.</p>
<p><span id="more-60"></span><span style="color: #ff0000; text-decoration: underline">Details</span><br />
By sending a packet to UDP port 916, the Linksys answers with the following information:<br />
* Product model<br />
* Password webinterface<br />
* Username PPPoA<br />
* Password PPPoA<br />
* SSID<br />
* WPA Passphrase</p>
<p>This can be done on both the LAN interface as well as the Wireless interface.</p>
<p>I have not tested yet but do have plans to do so in the near future.Â  I will post up more info on the technique and success after testing.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=60</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>House vote on illegal images sweeps in Wi-Fi, Web sites</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=59</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=59#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 10 Dec 2007 19:12:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[child porn]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[House vote]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[illegal images]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[porn]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Web Sites]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Wi-Fi]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=59</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The U.S. House of Representatives on Wednesday overwhelmingly approved a bill saying that anyone offering an open Wi-Fi connection to the public must report illegal images including &#8220;obscene&#8221; cartoons and drawings&#8211;or face fines of up to $300,000.
Â Read more&#8230; 
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The U.S. House of Representatives on Wednesday overwhelmingly approved a bill saying that anyone offering an open Wi-Fi connection to the public must report illegal images including &#8220;obscene&#8221; cartoons and drawings&#8211;or face fines of up to $300,000.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.news.com/8301-13578_3-9829759-38.html?tag=nefd.top" title="Cnet" target="_blank">Â Read more&#8230; </a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=59</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Reveal root password for MySQL on an Linux based Ensim Server</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=58</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=58#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 06 Dec 2007 03:36:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Ensim]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Security]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[lost mysql password]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[mysql]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[reveal password]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.kameronkenny.com/wordpress/?p=58</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[ensim-python -c'import sys; sys.path.append("/usr/lib/opcenter/mysql"); \
import mysqlbe; print mysqlbe.read_mysqlpass()'
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><code>ensim-python -c'import sys; sys.path.append("/usr/lib/opcenter/mysql"); \<br />
import mysqlbe; print mysqlbe.read_mysqlpass()'</code></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=58</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>AutoIt</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=57</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=57#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 21 Nov 2007 01:43:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Links]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[M$ Windows]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Tools]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[auto it]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[auto script]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[auto scripting]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Autoit]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[autoit script]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[script]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[scripting]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[scripting it]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[windows manipulation]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[windows scripting]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.kameronkenny.com/wordpress/?p=57</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I found a VERY cool tool today for automating tasks in windows.  You can manipulate just about anything you can with your mouse and keyboard in script with AutoIt.  With AutoIt, you can convert your scripts to .exe files for those who don&#8217;t already have AutoIt installed and have no plans of installing [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I found a VERY cool tool today for automating tasks in windows.  You can manipulate just about anything you can with your mouse and keyboard in script with AutoIt.  With AutoIt, you can convert your scripts to .exe files for those who don&#8217;t already have AutoIt installed and have no plans of installing it in the future.</p>
<p>Download it <a href="http://www.autoitscript.com/" title="AutoIt" target="_blank">Here</a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=57</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Run Ensim Through Maintenance Mode</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=56</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=56#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Nov 2007 18:03:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Ensim]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ensim maintenance]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ensim maintenance mode]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[how to run maintinance in ensim]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Maintenance mode]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.kameronkenny.com/wordpress/?p=56</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[There are some times when you will need to run Ensim through maintenance, here&#8217;s how to do it:
/usr/local/sbin/set_pre_maintenance
/usr/local/sbin/set_maintenance
/usr/local/sbin/set_post_maintenance
/sbin/service epld restart
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There are some times when you will need to run Ensim through maintenance, here&#8217;s how to do it:</p>
<p><code>/usr/local/sbin/set_pre_maintenance<br />
/usr/local/sbin/set_maintenance<br />
/usr/local/sbin/set_post_maintenance<br />
/sbin/service epld restart</code></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=56</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Make Ensim Control Panel SUPER FAST!</title>
		<link>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=55</link>
		<comments>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?p=55#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Nov 2007 17:36:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kammo</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Ensim]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[control panel]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[CP]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[fast]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[fast control panel]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.kameronkenny.com/wordpress/?p=55</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Make Ensim Control Panel Super quck!
Editing /usr/lib/ensim/frontend/httpd/conf/eplhttpd.conf.template:
&#160;
Code:
LoadModule access_module modules/mod_access.so
#LoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.so
#LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so
#LoadModule logio_module modules/mod_logio.so
#LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so
#LoadModule mime_magic_module modules/mod_mime_magic.so
#LoadModule cern_meta_module modules/mod_cern_meta.so
#LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.so
#LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.so
#LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so
#LoadModule usertrack_module modules/mod_usertrack.so
#LoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so
LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so
#LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so
LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so
#LoadModule asis_module modules/mod_asis.so
#LoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.so
#LoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.so
LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so
#LoadModule actions_module modules/mod_actions.so
#LoadModule speling_module modules/mod_speling.so
LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so
LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
#LoadModule [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Make Ensim Control Panel Super quck!<span id="more-55"></span></p>
<p>Editing /usr/lib/ensim/frontend/httpd/conf/eplhttpd.conf.template:</p>
<p style="margin: 5px 20px 20px">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="smallfont" style="margin-bottom: 2px">Code:</p>
<pre class="alt2" dir="ltr" style="border: 1px inset ; margin: 0px; padding: 6px; overflow: auto; width: 640px; height: 498px; text-align: left">LoadModule access_module modules/mod_access.so
#LoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.so
#LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so
#LoadModule logio_module modules/mod_logio.so
#LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so
#LoadModule mime_magic_module modules/mod_mime_magic.so
#LoadModule cern_meta_module modules/mod_cern_meta.so
#LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.so
#LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.so
#LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so
#LoadModule usertrack_module modules/mod_usertrack.so
#LoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so
LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so
#LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so
LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so
#LoadModule asis_module modules/mod_asis.so
#LoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.so
#LoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.so
LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so
#LoadModule actions_module modules/mod_actions.so
#LoadModule speling_module modules/mod_speling.so
LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so
LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
#LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so
LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so
#LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so
#LoadModule cache_module modules/mod_cache.so
#LoadModule suexec_module modules/mod_suexec.so
#LoadModule disk_cache_module modules/mod_disk_cache.so
#LoadModule file_cache_module modules/mod_file_cache.so
#LoadModule mem_cache_module modules/mod_mem_cache.so
LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so</pre>
<p>That&#8217;s removing a pretty considerable amount of fluff, and it&#8217;s certainly reduced the load when users are browsing the panel&#8230;</p>
<p>Or, the kinder, gentler version &#8230; Delete all the LoadModule&#8217;s there and just use these:</p>
<p style="margin: 5px 20px 20px">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="smallfont" style="margin-bottom: 2px">Code:</p>
<pre class="alt2" dir="ltr" style="border: 1px inset ; margin: 0px; padding: 6px; overflow: auto; width: 640px; height: 162px; text-align: left">LoadModule access_module modules/mod_access.so
LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so
LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so
LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so
LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so
LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so
LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so</pre>
<p>Now &#8230; Let&#8217;s do a little more &#8230; In your &#8220;IfModule prefork.c&#8221; section:</p>
<p style="margin: 5px 20px 20px">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="smallfont" style="margin-bottom: 2px">Code:</p>
<pre class="alt2" dir="ltr" style="border: 1px inset ; margin: 0px; padding: 6px; overflow: auto; width: 640px; height: 210px; text-align: left">#StartServers       8
#MinSpareServers    5
#MaxSpareServers   20
#ServerLimit      256
#MaxClients       256
#MaxRequestsPerChild  4000
StartServers       2
MinSpareServers    1
MaxSpareServers    8
ServerLimit       32
MaxClients        32
MaxRequestsPerChild  256</pre>
<p>And in your &#8220;IfModule worker.c&#8221; section:</p>
<p style="margin: 5px 20px 20px">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="smallfont" style="margin-bottom: 2px">Code:</p>
<pre class="alt2" dir="ltr" style="border: 1px inset ; margin: 0px; padding: 6px; overflow: auto; width: 640px; height: 210px; text-align: left">#StartServers         2
#MaxClients         150
#MinSpareThreads     25
#MaxSpareThreads     75
#ThreadsPerChild     25
#MaxRequestsPerChild  0
StartServers         1
MaxClients          32
MinSpareThreads      1
MaxSpareThreads     25
ThreadsPerChild      5
MaxRequestsPerChild  0</pre>
<p>Then all ya need to do is `service epld restart` and, voila!  A nasty-fast control panel.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.kameronkenny.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=55</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
	</channel>
</rss>
